Rhythms, reproduction, immunity and aging Select a homeostatic event and / or ph

Question

Rhythms, reproduction, immunity and aging Select a homeostatic event and / or physiological system involving rhythms, reproduction, immunity AND aging as your structure, in which you can show the importance of structure / function relationship, levels of organization, and feedback control. a) Name the structure and the function on which your overall answer will be based? Be as specific as you can in delimiting the boundaries of your example (the most important part of your answer, since the following b, c, & d sub-questions are based on your answer to this first sub-question, a). Please notice that only 1 item is required (in your answer it should be labeled as “a”). This answer should look like: “a.- My structure (S) is …. and its function (F) is …”. In same cases a second sentence might be needed. b) Why do you think that your structure and your function are related? Support your contention based on 3 lines of evidence based on the chemistry, physics, anatomy, or physiology involved in your example. Please notice that 3 items are required (answers should be labeled as “b1, b2, and b3”). One of these answers might look like: “b1.- If I do this experiment and measure this variable using this technique, this result will suggest that my S/F is correct”. Please notice that MY question does not ask you to tell me what happens, since this can be copy from any source, but it asked how do you know that your S/F relationship is true. c) Which are the levels of organization involved in your example (c1)? Cite events occurring at its main level of organization (c2) and indicate how they relate to the whole body level (c3). Please notice that 3 items are required (thus, answers should be labeled as “c1, c2, and c3”). These answers should look as follows: “c1.- molecular” or any level of organization involved in your “a” answer (S/F); “c2.- the first event is …; the next even is …; the middle event is …; the next event is …; the last event is …”. Five events distributed equidistant from each other is a good summary for the story line of the S/F named in your “a” answer. Finally, “c3.- at a whole individual level my S/F described in “a” has this role”. d) Which are the main feedback mechanisms involved in your example (cite at least two) (d1)? Expand on one of them (d2) and name 2 absolute requirment for that feedback to work (d3). Please notice that 3 items are required (answers should be labeled as “d1, d2, and d3”). These answers should look as follows: “d1.- an increase in this negative feedback ligand must decrease this variable under control”. This is how you NAME a negative feedback. For d1 you need to name two negative feedbacks; “d2.- the first event is …; the next even is …; the middle event is …; the next event is …; the last event is …”. Five events distributed equidistant from each other is a good summary for the most important negative feedback story line, involved as a control of the your S/F named in your “a” answer, that you named in d1; “d3.- these two components are absolutely necessary for the negative feedback, described in d2, to be operational.

Explanation / Answer

a. My structure (S) is melatonin and its function (F) is facilitation of sleep in humans.

b. This structure and function are related because:

b1… Melatonin rhythm is closely related with sleep propensity rhythm. Readjustment of circadian rhythms readjusts melatonin rhythm also.

b2… In Insomnia, melatonin treatment is given. Melatonin induces sleep when body's homeostasis is not enough to drive sleep.

b3... Melatonin inhibits circadian pacemaker, which is responsible for maintaining wakefulness in our body.

c. Different levels of organization relate

c1... Melatonin is administered to body in different stages of our biological clock. This means that same quantity of melatonin is given to some insomnia patients at 4 am , some at 7am, some at 11am, and so on at intervals of 3-3 hours.

c2. Different quantities of melatonin can be given at the same time say 7am, to different patients.

c3. Applying the above two will enhance/reduce metabolism of the body, organ and organelle function etc. After measuring the overall physical and mental state (metabolism) of the body, the concept of melatonin-sleep adjustment can be well understood.

d. Feedback mechanism:

Melatonin exhibits negative feedback mechanism. When the amount of melatonin in blood is extremely high, then the excess amount of the hormone itself downregulates its further secretion.

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