To determine if you developed virus-specific T cell immunity, you collected CD8+

Question

To determine if you developed virus-specific T cell immunity, you collected CD8+ T cells from your own blood (not your wife’s) and expanded some epithelial cells isolated either from your own nasal swap or nasal isolate of your wife (assuming you could collect these cells). These epithelial cells were infected in a test tube to serve as targets (i.e., target/H3N2) for analyzing the activity of your CD8 cells. Specifically, you mixed your CD8+ cells with either your own epithelial cells (target-A) or epithelial cells derived from your wife (target-B). As illustrated as below, would these target cells be killed by your CD8 cells and why?

CD8+ cells + Target-A/H3N2?

Explanation / Answer

It has been established that the initiation of adaptive response is heavily influenced by innate immunity. CD8+ T cell activation in its general terms requires dendritic cell (DC) ligation and assistance from the T helper cells. Other reports have shown that the NK cell activity during the immune response can also affect CD8+ T cells and that even specific type of target cell can regulate the CD8+ T cell effector function . As time passes, as demonstrated in chronic infections, CD8+ T cells has the tendency to become exhausted and also lose their functionality. This exhaustion is defined by the upregulation of PD-1 on the cell surfaces. Blockade of PD-L1 ligand, which is one of the two known ligands for PD-1, restores CD8+ T cell functionality and wholly improves the response to chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Little work has investigated the role of PD-1 during influenza virus infection.

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