* --899x 10, N?/C2. 4??? e-1.6x10-19 C 1) Please \"simply\" answer the following
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Question
* --899x 10, N?/C2. 4??? e-1.6x10-19 C 1) Please "simply" answer the following questions What are the Zeroth law and Second law of thermodynamics respectively? The First law of thermodynamics describes the energy conservation in a closed systern as ??¡nt Q-W. What parameters are zero in adiabatic and in isothermal process? What is the internal energy for one molecule of a diatomic gas in a two dimensional system? a) b) c) 2) Fig. 1 shows a reversible cycle through which monatomic ideal gases are taken. At point A, the temperature is 200 K. a) Calculate the work and internal b) Calculate the heat absorbed and c) What is the efficiency of the cycle 35 30 25 20 energy of the cycle emitted by the gases during the cycle. a5 10 and what is the efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between the highest and lowest temperatures that occur in the cycle? 0 15 20 2 35 V (m2) Fig. 1 3) In Fig. 2, the particles have charges q1 =-q2= 100 nC and q,--q4- 200 nC. What is the net electrostatic force F on particle 3? (Vector) -0 a 5.0 cm (L, 0) Fig. 2 Fig. 3 4) Calculate the electric field E at point P in Fig. 3. (Vector) 5) An electric dipole consists of charges +2e and -2e separated by 0.78 nm. It is in an electric field of strength 3.4 x 106 N/C. Calculate the magnitude of the torque and potential energy on the dipole when the dipole moment is parallel to, perpendicular to, and antiparallel to the electric field.
Explanation / Answer
1)
(a) The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that heat is a form of energy, and thermodynamic processes are therefore subject to the principle of conservation of energy. This means that heat energy cannot be created or destroyed.
(b) Heat transfer is zero in adiabatic process.
Temperature is constant in isothermal process.
(c) For a diatomic molecule, the three translation direction contribute 1/2 kT per molecule, and for each molecule there are also two axes of rotation, contributing rotational kinetic energy in the amount of 1/2 kT each. This amounts to a total internal energy of U = 5/2 NkT for a diatomic gas.
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