18) (10 pts.) The Logic of Science: Theories and Observations Below we have list
ID: 2075967 • Letter: 1
Question
18) (10 pts.) The Logic of Science: Theories and Observations
Below we have listed a series of 12 scientific ideas. Six of these are theories and six are patterns of observations. For every one of these six theories, we have listed a pattern of observations that supports it. For every one of these six patterns of observations, we have listed a theory to explain it. For each one you must do two things: 1. Identify it as theory or observation. 2. Write down the number of its pair.
1)In atoms, electrons are only allowed in certain orbits (which correspond to energy levels), and photons of light are produced when electrons move between these orbits.2)
There are many craters on the Moon and Mercury, fewer on Mars, and not very many on the Earth and Venus.
3)When heated until it glows, a gas of each element produces a unique pattern of spectral lines.
4)All the objects in our Solar System formed out of one disk of material that orbited our Sun as it formed 4.6 billion years ago.
5)There is a force called gravity, which attracts every object in the universe to every other object, and this force gets weaker with distance.
6)Near the Sun, only rocks and metals are in solid form, while far from the Sun, the ice materials become solid too. As a result, when the Solar System formed, planets far from the Sun could grow much larger.
7)All the planets in our Solar System orbit the Sun going in the same direction, in a flat disk. Most planets also rotate in this direction, and most moons do too.
8)Inside very large Jovian planets, there is enough pressure to turn hydrogen into a liquid form that conducts electricity.
9)All terrestrial planets formed with molten interiors, but smaller planets cooled more quickly, causing their volcanoes to go dormant. The interiors of larger terrestrial planets cooled more slowly, so their volcanoes could remain active for a much longer period of time.
10)The planet Jupiter has an extremely powerful magnetic field.
11)Terrestrial planets are found nearest the Sun, while Jovian planets are found farther away.
12)All orbits of moons around planets, planets around stars, and stars around each other are in the shape of ellipses.
Explanation / Answer
1: Electrons revolve in specific orbits and specific Energy is released upon transition in levels:Theory.
Its observation is : 3 : When heated it glows......
2.9)All terrestrial planets formed with molten interiors, but smaller planets cooled more quickly, causing their volcanoes to go dormant. The interiors of larger terrestrial planets cooled more slowly, so their volcanoes could remain active for a much longer period of time. :Theory
Terrestrial planets are found nearest the Sun, while Jovian planets are found farther away : Observation.
3.Inside very large Jovian planets, there is enough pressure to turn hydrogen into a liquid form that conducts electricity :Theory
The planet Jupiter has an extremely powerful magnetic field.: Observation.
4. All orbits of moons around planets, planets around stars, and stars around each other are in the shape of ellipses.: Theory
Observation: 7)All the planets in our Solar System orbit the Sun going in the same direction, in a flat disk. Most planets also rotate in this direction, and most moons do too.
5.
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