Can anyone help me answer these in detail please. These are part of material i n

Question

Can anyone help me answer these in detail please. These are part of material i need to know for my next exam and have no clue about them and cant find anuthing in our lecture notes about them

1. Clonal sequencing methods vs. Shotgun sequencing methods. What are the differences, pros and cons of each?

2. Local vs. Global alignment. Understand the theory of the alignment methods that underlie these types of alignment and be familiar with Needleman–Wunsch and Smith-Waterman.

3. Identify a strand based on the frame (+/-) and what a six-frame translation means

4. What types of sequences are the majority found in GenBank

Explanation / Answer

Clonal sequencig requires high density genome mapping

larger genomes with repetitive sequences can be correctly assembled

easy works well with simple software.

costly and time consuming

Shot gun sequencing does not require genome mapping,more gaps are produced

Best for bacteria and smaller genomes , doubtful and not accurate for larger eukaryotic genomes becos of many repititive sequences.

costly and time consuming.

Computationally intensive

2. Global alignment is based on dynamic programming. Alignment identifies regions of similarity with in long sequences that are often widely divergent overall.

Local alignments are preferred and more useful. But difficult as it requires to identify regions of similarity.

It is more useful for dissimilar sequences that are suspected to contain regions of similarity with in their larger sequence.

3. DNA contains genetic message to form proteins. And DNA is interpreted in groups of 3 nucleotides,a codan to express an amino acid. A DNA has 3 distinct reading frames. The double helix of DNA molecule has 2 antiparallel strands,. Each strand has 3 reading frames and therefore 6 frame translations are possible.

4.1. High throughput genomic(HTGs) sequences.

2.complete microbial sequences.

3. Whole genomic shot gun (WGS) sequences.

4. Transcriptome shot gun assembly(TSA) sequences.

5.Third party annotation(TPA).

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