What is a biomarker? Can you find (and describe) an example different from those

Question

What is a biomarker? Can you find (and describe) an example different from those discussed in class?

Examine the six clusters (there are millions!) obtained from Illumina Solexa sequencing below. The fluorescent modified dideoxy-nucleotides used in the reactions were colored A, G, T and C. and other components/reagents were present to sequence the clusters of genome fragments 2. a. Name two components/reagents except dideoxy-nucleotides used in Illumina Solexa sequencing: Dideoxynucleoside triphosphates Deoxyadenosine triphosphate. Circle one cluster in the first cycle and follow its amplification on the following b. cycles. Specify the resulting sequence here 2 4 . What is a biomarker? Can you find (and describe) an example different from those discussed in class? The term "biomarker refers to a broad subcategory of medical signs.

Explanation / Answer

3. Answer:

Biomarkers are the naturally occurring characteristics (molecule, gene, etc.) by which a particular physiological or pathological process, gene, character, disease, etc. can be identified.

Example. If we have a bacterial population in which we want to cultivate a bacterial colony resistance against a particular antibiotic (e.g. Penicillin, amoxicillin, Kanamycin etc.), to identify the gene for the antibiotic resistance present in the bacteria. For this we will cultivate the bacterial population on the growth medium supplemented with the particular antibiotic (for which we are looking for the resistant). After inoculation and incubation of the bacteria, the bacteria resistant to particular antibiotic will only grow on the media resulting in identification and isolation of bacteria which harbor the resident genes. So the antibiotic here acted as biomarker to identify the antibiotic resistant bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance genes.

Secondly if we want to transfer a gene of interest in a particular cell ( eg. bacteria). We will transfer simultaneously two genes i.e. gene of interest and a marker gene. A marker gene can be here a antibiotic resistant gene, by its presence the transformed cells will be resistant to that particular antibiotic. So the cells who get transformed by gene of interest will grow on the media supplemented with antibiotic. Here the antibiotic resistance gene is acting as biomarker to check the transformation of a cell for a particular gene.

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