Page 6 of 9 62, Death from Clostridium botulinum is due to which of the follo a)
ID: 217819 • Letter: P
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Page 6 of 9 62, Death from Clostridium botulinum is due to which of the follo a) It causes excitation of neurons. It stimulates the removal of fluid from the tissues. c) It stimulates increased intestinal motility d) It paralyzes the muscles of the respiratory tract. nts gastrointestinal motility 63. chemical that initiates the signal for muscle contraction. Be t tulin toxin prevents the release of a a) serotonin acetylcholine c) dopamine hrine e) phosphatidylcholine 64, In the mid-1990s, a diphtheria outbreak occurred in areas of the former Soviet Union. Why? a) because a new strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae emerged b) because the organisms became resistant to all known antibiotics c) because vaccination against the disease had declined d) because people in that part of the world were genetically more susceptible to diphtheria e) because there was a lack of an effective vaccine 65. What is the virulence factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that prevents the organisms destruction by lysosomes within macrophages? a) Cord factor b) Exotoxin c) M protein d) Capsule c) Endotoxin CHAPTER 19: Medically Important Gram-Positive Bacilli 66. Bacillus, Clostridium, and Mycobacterium are found in separate groups of gram-positive bacilli. Cellular characteristics are used to categorize gram-positive bacilli into major groups. The Characterization Process for Bacillus, Clostridium, and Mycobacterium include the following; a) the presence or absence of endospores b) the presence or absence of acid-fastness c) all of the above are correct d) none of the above are correct 67. Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) is a bacterial pathogen. Its virulence factors include a polypeptide capsule and exotoxins that produce edema and cell death. Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) is a strict aerobe. T or F 68. Active cases of anthrax are treated with the antibiotics clindamycin, doxycyeline, or ciprofloxacin. Which of the following is incorrect? a)because antibiotic therapy targeting the bacteria itself, people can still die from the toxin xibacumab uses monoclonal antibodies to neutralize a toxin secreted by B. anthracis c) The BioThrax vaccine is a purified toxoid given to military personnel on active duty d) all of the above are correct el all of the above are incorrect 69. Bacillus cereus is a common airborne and dust-borne contaminant that multiplies very readily in cooked foods such as rice, potato, and meat dishes. T or F [FACT] Clostridium tetani multiply and release metabolic products into the infection site. One metabolic product is the neurotoxin tetanospasmin. The toxin spreads to nearby motor nerve endings in the injured tissue, binds to them, and travels by axons to the ventral horns of the spinal cord. 70. Tetanospasmin makes the host cell release the neurotransmitter. T or F difficile causes antibiotic-associated (or pseudomembranous) colitis which is the second most common intestinal disease, after salmonellosis, in industrialized countries a) Clostridium difficile is a normal resident of the intestine b) Clostridium difficile is usually present in high numbers in the intestine all of the above are correct none of the above is correctExplanation / Answer
62. d. It paralyzes the muscles of the respiratory tract.
The neurotoxin produced by C. botulinum paralyzes the muscles of the respiratory tract.
63. b. acetylcholine
The botulinum toxin destroys the synaptic fusion complex which normally acetylcholine present in the synaptic vesicles to fuse with the neuron at the terminal membrane. So in the absence of synaptic fusion complex, this step does not happen.
64. c. Because vaccination against the disease had declined.
People without vaccination were infected leading to a high number of fatalities.
65. a. Cord factor
Cord factor is present only in virulent M. tuberculosis and prevents fusion of phagosome containing the bacteria to lysosome which can kill the cells.
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