1.You have probably heard that the liver of the human adult can \"regenerate its
ID: 220163 • Letter: 1
Question
1.You have probably heard that the liver of the human adult can "regenerate itself". How is the process of regeneration related to mitosis? Why is it possible to have a living donor for a transplanted liver?
2. The sheep Dolly was the first animal cloned by transplanting the nucleus from a cell from an adult sheep into an egg of a donor sheep. Dolly appeared to grow normally for several years, but at age 6, she developed complications from several physical conditions, normally seen only in older sheep. There are many hypothesis about causes for Dolly’s deterioration. Propose one hypothesis about the role of telomeres in dividing cells as she aged.
Explanation / Answer
Ans 1. Liver generation is a complex comprising of interaction of cytokines and numerous growth factors which play a vital role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. The liver cell functions even during mitosis in order to restablish the organ mass. The process of cell division is rarely observed in liver generation but once the PH crosses the 95% generation of liver cells, the cells which are normally quiscent rapidly undergoers the process of cell division.
Any delay in mitosis would lead to abnormal TNF and IL 6 signaling thus resulting disruption of liver cell generation.
Liver posses the unique ability to regenrate. Once if the liver is donated it undergoes regeneration the partial liver of both the donor and receipent grows resulting in the development of liver. In order for the partial liver generation it has to be received from a living donor. Hence the necessity.
Ans 2. Telomeres are specialized DNA sequences at the end of linear chromosomes which maintain the integrity of the chromosomes. The aging of the Dolly sheep is due to the shortening of the telomeres. When telomeres are shortened the cells can no longer reproduce resulting in tissue degeneration and deterioration of physical conditions. Hence the above situation was observed due to telomeres shortening.
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