At the end of this lecture you should be able to: Describe a bacterial plasmid\'
ID: 227567 • Letter: A
Question
At the end of this lecture you should be able to: Describe a bacterial plasmid's structure and function. Explain the role of the replisome in DNA replication. Explain the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis. Describe the role of DNA promoters in transcription. Describe the ccntr.il dogma of molecular biology. The answers to these questions are covered both in the lecture material and the text book. Why is a primer required for DNA replication and what is the primer made off? Why are there leading and lagging strands in DNA replication? What is the replisome and what are its components? What are R plasmids and why are they of medical concern? Define the types of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertian, and quaternary. Which of these structures are altered by denaturation? Draw the structure of a dipeptide containing the amino acids alanine and tyrosine. Outline the peptide bond. What is a promoter? What protein recognizes the promoters in E. coli? What is a transcriptional unit? What is a polystyrene mRNA? In chapter 10 we will learn about mutation, changes in the sequence of DNA. Using the genetic code below, discuss how the genetic code has evolved to help minimize the impact of mutations.Explanation / Answer
Answer=
1] Bacterial plasmid structure =
A bacterial plasmid is a circular piece of DNA
usually 1000 to 1,00,000 nucleotides long & acts a independent molecular operators within many bacteria .
plasmids have own origin of replication therefore they can copy themselves independently of the bacterial chromosome,so there can be many copies of a plasmid
plasmid is an extrachromosomal element ,often a circular DNA
have 3 important elements
a] An origin of replication
b] a selectable marker gene (e.g. resistance to ampicillin)
c] A cloning site (a place to insert foreign DNAs)
Functions of bacterial plasmid =
1] plasmids are pieces of DNA that can be manipulated through the use of restriction enzymes since these plasmids are already in bacteria ,the restriction enzymes are able to act as molecular scissors & cut up the part of the plasmid that is desired to change
2] the gene of interest is insertde as new part of the plasmid ,allowing the bacteria to now demonstrate this gene
3] Plasmids have transformed biotechnology by permitting us to manipulate the genes within the bacteria & thus gain lots of different experiment results along with valuable information
4] plasmids are used in genetic engineering as the basis for bacterial transformation
5] plasmids help bacteria to survive stress
6] Plasmids make themselves indispensable
7] Acts as vector
8] in biotechnology -delivering DNA
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