Discuss two of the following statements. * Discuss the layers and functions of o

Question

Discuss two of the following statements.

* Discuss the layers and functions of organizational culture and the types of organizational culture and their associated characteristics.
* Summarize the methods used by organizations to embed their cultures and also describe the Three Phases in Feldman's model of organizational socialization.
* Discuss the various socialization tactics used to socialize employees and explain the Four Types of Development Networks derived from mentoring.
* How would you describe the organizational culture that exists at Apple?

Explanation / Answer

*Organisational culture refers to the set of shared valuesand norms that control organisational members interaction with each other and with suppliers,customers, and other people outside the organisation
Layers of organisational culture
The three levels refer to the layers of organisational culture.
Artifacts include any tangible or verbally identifiable elements in an organization. Architecture, furniture, dress code, office jokes, and history all exemplify organizational artifacts.
Values are the organization's stated or desired cultural elements. This is most often a written or stated tone that the CEO or President hope to exude throughout the office environment. Examples of this would be employee professionalism, or a "family first" mantra.
Assumptions are the actual values that the culture represents, not necessarily correlated to the values.

Functions of organisational culture

Controls co-ordination and behaviour

Shapes the behaviour of people and organisation

Boundary-defining role, i.e. creates distinctions between one organization and others

It conveys a sense of identity for organization members

Facilitates generation of commitment to something larger than self-interest

Serves as a control mechanism that guides and shapes the attitudes and behavior of employees

Culture is intangible and implicit

Until newcomers learn and adopt the culture they are not accepted as full-fledged members

Types of organisational culture and their characteristics-

Control (hierarchy)- A highly structured and formal place to work. Rules and procedures govern behavior. Leaders strive to be good coordinators and organizers who are efficiency-minded. Maintaining a smooth-running organization is most critical. Formal policies are what hold the group together. Stability, performance, and efficient operations are the long-term goals. Success means dependable delivery, smooth scheduling, and low cost. Management wants security and predictablity

Compete (market)- A results-driven organization focused on job completion. People are competitive and goal-oriented. Leaders are demanding, hard-driving, and productive.The emphasis on winning unifies the organization. Reputation and success are common concerns. Long-term focus is on competitive action and achievement of measurable goals and targets. Sucess means market share and penetration. Competitive pricing and market leadership are important.

Collaborate (clan)- An open and friendly place to work where people share a lot of themselves. It is like an extended family. Leaders are considered to be mentors or even parental figures. Group loyalty and sense of tradition are strong. There is an emphasis on the long-term benefits of human resources development and great importance is given to group cohesion.There is a strong concern for people. The organization places a premium on teamwork, participation, and consensus.

Create (adhocracy)-A dynamic, entrepreneurial, and creative place to work. Innovation and risk-taking are embraced by employees and leaders. A commitment to experimentation and thinking differently are what unify the organization. They strive to be on the leading edge. The long-term emphasis is on growth and acquiring new resources. Success means gaining unique and new products or services. Being an industry leader is important. Individual initiative and freedom are encouraged.

Culture creation occurs in 3 ways:

1.Founders only hire and keep employees who think and feel the way they do

2.They indoctrinate and socialize these employees to their way of thinking and feeling

3.Finally, the founder’s own behavior acts as a role model

The three phases of Organizational Socialization according to Feldman's Model include:

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