ers College, CUNY Withers BIO 365-ONLP Spring 2018 pts) Short answers-Individual
ID: 252992 • Letter: E
Question
ers College, CUNY Withers BIO 365-ONLP Spring 2018 pts) Short answers-Individual Activity a) The completion of the Human Genome Project in less than the number of years projected was facilitated by the development of new and the advancement in technologies-automated laboratory techniques and high through-put computers. S that then and now advances genomic sciences and their translation into a variety of medical applications. Answer the following: Sequencers were a major development i. What does it mean to sequence DNA? i. What is the initial laboratory experiment that served as the basis of sequencing technology? Who developed it? There are several generations of sequences? What is the latest version and how does it basically work? ili. b) Discuss how has the understanding of the classical Central Dogma roles of DNA and RNA been as a result of the "new genetics" of the 21t Century? (eg, Discuss the roles of microRNAs, RNAi, histones, epigenetics, etc.) c) Define exon and intron. How can 20,000 human hundreds of thousands of different proteins? d) What does SNP stand for? How are SNPs named? 4. (10 pts) Select two of the single gene traits (not a disease) that are commonly used to illustrate human genetic variation in introductory genetics exercises, eg, left handedness, tongue rolling, Hitchhiker's thumb, pattern baldness, freckles, widow's peak, cheek dimples, eye color. Look up your selections OMIM to determine their genetics/inheritance pattern. Report your findings. Does anything about the genetics of the traits surprise you? using 5. (20 pts) Comparative Genomics. Answer the questions about these organisms: Homo sapiens; Pan musculus, mouse; Canis lupus familiaris, dog: Escherichia coi (0157-H7 troglodytes, chimpanzee; Mus pathogenic) Use NCBI as your main source. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Renome/ Browse by Oraganism a) What are the number of chromosomes and nucleotide bases pairs in each. b) What percentage of the human genome is shared with the other three organisms c) How many genes are there on each chromosome? d) How many base pairs and genes are there on the mitochondria for each of the organisms? (25 pts) Using OMIM prepare a report on the listed disorders. The format is listed below. (Note: Not all sorders will have informationforall the topics listed elow. Think about why this would be the case.) 6. Name of the disease/condition Nomenclature o Phenotype MIM number. o Gene/Locus MIM number o Gene symbol o What is the normal function of the gene? Brief description of the disorder/condition o a) b) c) For Familial Breast Cancer, MIM114480, what do you note about the entry for the disease? Choose RRCA2 and RADS4L genes to answer the questions A-Explanation / Answer
ii. What is the initial laboratory experiment that served as the basis of sequencing technology? Who developed it?
The first laboratory experiment that served as the basis of sequencing technology is Maxam-Gilbert method. It is also called chemical sequencing. It is developed by Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert. in 1976-1977.
A brief explanation of the Maxam-Gilbert method:
a. DNA will be radiolabeled at the 5' end followed by purification
b. Purified DNA is treated with formic acid, dimethyl sulfate, and hydrazines
c. Chemical treatment generates short fragments of DNA consisting of one or two of the four nucleotides. Formic acid causes depurination of A+G, dimethylated sulfate causes methylation of G, hydrazine hydrolyzes C+T.
d. The fragments will be electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gel and autoradiography will be performed. Based on the banding pattern on the gel, the sequence of the DNA will be identified.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.