1. a). Which white blood cells are most directly involved in inflammation? b). W

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1. a). Which white blood cells are most directly involved in inflammation? b). Which three cytokines are the main proinflammatory.cytokines? 2. a). What types of structures do toll-like receptors bind? of structures on bacteria cells contain PAMPs? c). Summarize the physical and chemical barriers that proteet the body from pathogens. d). Summarize the physical and chemical barriers that protect the body from pathogens. e). Describe the process of phagocytosis in a macrophage. ). What is septic shock and how is it related to innate responses?

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(1) (a) The leukocytes are the major blood cells involved in inflammatory response, those are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils

(b) Interferon-gamma, Interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are the main proinflammatory

(2) (a) TLRs bind to several pathogenic threats such as bacterial cell surface lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lipoproteins, lipopeptides, lipoarabinomannan; flagellin from bacterial flagella; double-stranded RNA of viruses

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1. a). Which white blood cells are most directly involved in inflammation? b). W

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