Assignment: Please Help! Read through this lesson below: 1. Science (1.1) Biolog
ID: 255701 • Letter: A
Question
Assignment:
Please Help!
Read through this lesson below:
1. Science
(1.1) Biology is the scientific study of life. It can be broken down into many different sciences, including anatomy, biochemistry, botany, cytology, evolution, microbiology, and zoology just to name a few! This biology course will be an introduction to and short survey of all of these, giving you a good basis for whatever biology you happen to pursue next.
(1.2) The biology that will be covered in this course stems from four basic theories.
Cell Theory.
Homeostasis
Gene Theory
The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
(1.3) A theory is an idea that has repeatedly held up to testing with few if any changes. Theories are not facts, but they are scientifically tested ideas.
2. Life
(2.1) Through a combination of cell theory and evolutionary theory "life" has been separated into six kingdoms:
The Six Kingdoms
Eubacteria --
Single celled organisms.
Prokaryotic(simple cell) organisms
May live in colonies.
These are 'true bacteria'
Cell membrane contains fatty acids.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg ---- Escherichia coli
Archaebacteria --
Single celled organisms.
Prokaryotic(simple cell) organisms
May live in colonies.
These are 'ancient bacteria'
Cell membrane contains hydrocarbons (not fatty acids)
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Halobacteria.jpg
Protista --
Single celled organisms.
Eukaryoticcelled organisms with a nucleus and complex organelles.
May live in colonies.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Protist_collage.jpg
Fungi –
Some single but most are multicellular organisms.
Have a cell wall made of chitin.
Eukaryotic cells with nucleus and complex organelles.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fungi_collage.jpg
Plantae --
Multicellular, more than one cell.
Photosynthetic (convert sunlight to energy)
Autotrophs (They produce their own nutrients for energy using photosynthesis.)
Eukaryotic cells with nucleus and complex organelles.
Animalia --
Multicellular, more than one cell.
Heterotrophs(They consume other organisms for nutrients and energy.)
Multicellular, more than one cell.
Eukaryotic cells with nucleus and complex organelles.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animal_diversity.png
(2.2) Viruses, which we will discuss briefly later, are not considered living. One of the things we need to define when we discuss living things is what we mean by the term "living."
What are some characteristics that all living things share?
Growth -- all living things grow, or mature, changing with age
Adaptation -- living things interact with and adapt to their environments (part of what Charles Darwin observed to form his theories)
Energy acquisition -- one view of life is that it is all merely a struggle to create or gain energy--all living organisms make use of a high energy molecule called adenosine triphosphate or ATP
Reproduction -- all living things have a way to create new living things like themselves, passing on hereditary information
You are to answer the following questions in your own words. Do not copy and paste from the Internet.
Please post the questions with your answers in the text box below to submit your work. Remember to use complete sentences, use proper grammar, and remember to proofread and spell check your work before submitting it.
Most of your answers can be found in the lesson. However, you may also need to conduct Internet research. Be sure to cite your sources in MLA format if you conduct research.
(Remember to answer each question in complete sentences. Use proper grammar, and check spelling.)
Answer the questions, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Below. Please Help!
1. Which kingdom do humans belong in? Use the information in this lesson to explain/support this answer.
2. Name two (2) species of living organisms. For each, explain why it is living using all four (4) characteristics in section 2.2 of the Lesson.
3. Name two (2) non-living objects. For each, use the characteristics in section 2.2 of the lesson to explain why it is not alive.
4. Identify/name two (2) species of autotrophs. For each, explain what makes them an autotroph.
5. Identify/name two (2) species of heterotrophs. For each, explain what makes them a heterotroph.
Eubacteria --
Single celled organisms.
Prokaryotic(simple cell) organisms
May live in colonies.
These are 'true bacteria'
Cell membrane contains fatty acids.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg ---- Escherichia coli
Archaebacteria --
Single celled organisms.
Prokaryotic(simple cell) organisms
May live in colonies.
These are 'ancient bacteria'
Cell membrane contains hydrocarbons (not fatty acids)
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Halobacteria.jpg
Protista --
Single celled organisms.
Eukaryoticcelled organisms with a nucleus and complex organelles.
May live in colonies.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Protist_collage.jpg
Fungi –
Some single but most are multicellular organisms.
Have a cell wall made of chitin.
Eukaryotic cells with nucleus and complex organelles.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fungi_collage.jpg
Plantae --
Multicellular, more than one cell.
Photosynthetic (convert sunlight to energy)
Autotrophs (They produce their own nutrients for energy using photosynthesis.)
Eukaryotic cells with nucleus and complex organelles.
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diversity_of_plants_image_version_5.png
Animalia --
Multicellular, more than one cell.
Heterotrophs(They consume other organisms for nutrients and energy.)
Multicellular, more than one cell.
Eukaryotic cells with nucleus and complex organelles.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animal_diversity.png
Explanation / Answer
1. Humans belong to the kingdom Animalia. To support this the following particulars can be taken into account- a. Humans are multicellular organisms that is their bodies are made of more than one cell (trillions actually!).
b. The kind of cells human body is made of are eukaryotic cells which means the cells contain properly organized nucleus and highly organized complex organelles.
c.Human beings are heterotrophs. They consume other organisms for their nutrition and energy.
2. Two species of living organisms are- i. Mango tree ( Mangifera indica ) and Lion ( Panthera leo).
Example (i) Mango tree ( Mangifera indica ) shows the following characteristics
firstly,Growth- Its lifecycle starts from the germination of its seed, then it eventually becomes a sapling and later it becomes an arboreal tree as it ages. Secondly, it interacts with the environment it is living in and with the other living organisms (Such as birds) in its vicinity. Thirdly, it uses high energy molecule ATP or GTP for the biochemical reactions that has been happening continuously and the their physical activities as well. Lastly, it reproduces.Mango plants self-pollinate as they are monoecious plants and produce drupe-like fruit in which the seed is encased by fleshy layers.
(Note: Monoecious plants are those who carry both male and female reproductive organ in same plant body)
the second example lion (Panthera leo) shows thefollowing characteristics
i.) They also show growth and maturity with age. Growth is signified by increasing body dry weight. Apart from this other sexual characteristics are become visible with maturation.ii.) They interact with environment and with other living organisms. They live in groups and hunt on prays. iii.) They also use high energy molecules such as ATP for their physiological functions. iv.) They reproduce sexually. lionesses may reproduce more than one time by the age of four. However lions do not have any particular mating season.
3. Examples of two non-living objects are- a. Laptop and b.Cellphone
Both of the objects are non-living because they do not show the following characteristics- i. They do not grow with time. if that happen we would see our laptops and cellphones are getting large in size every week! 2. They do not use high energy molecules such as ATP as their energy resources. 3. Both of them do not reproduce.
4. two examples of autotrophs are - i.Chlamydomonas (green algae) and ii. Cocos nucifera (coconut tree).
Green algae and plants produce their own nutrients by a biochemical process named Photosynthesis in which they convert solar energy into chemical energy. They do not have to depend on other organisms in terms of nutrients.
5. Two examples of heterotrophs are- i. Tiger (Panthera tigris) and Human(Homo sapiens).
Both tiger and human beings can not produce their own nutrients as they can't perform photosynthesis ( they do not possess chlorophyll which are necessary for photosynthesis). So they have to depend on other organisms in terms of nutrition.
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