all of chapters 10 please y i anco i S-DSC20 I OC-390452/Study%20Gu You must com

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all of chapters 10 please

y i anco i S-DSC20 I OC-390452/Study%20Gu You must complete the study guide to get the 10 participation points for the week that I'm Arkansas. - Chapter 10: Photosynthesis .Where does the oxygen in photosynthesis originate from? Explain the energy flow and conversion of photosynthesis Describe how ATP is produced during the light-capturing reactions of photosynthesis. Understand the purpose of the Calvin cycle and how it relates to photosynthesis What is an autotroph? What is the reaction for photosynthesis? What are the light reactions? What's their purpose? What is the Calvin cycle? What is its purpose? What is chlorophyl? What ranges does it absorb light (what colors of light do they absorb)? What is light and what are the two ways in which it can be described? What is wavelength & how does it relate to energy? What is a photon? What is the antenna complex? What happens to electrons that are in the antenna complex? . How is their energy transferred or transformed? . What is the reaction center? What electron acceptor molecules are involved in photosynthesis? Know how photosystem I and photosystem II works . Know the Z scheme . Whatjts photophosphorylation Where does photosynthesis take place . Where are photosystems I and II? . Where is the electron transport chain that is involved in photosynthesis? . How does the electron transport chain generate ATP? What is chemiosmosis? In addition to proteins, what other molecules must thylakoid membranes possess in order to harvest light energy? What is the structure of chlorophyll a & b? . .

Explanation / Answer

The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from the splitting of water during the light-dependent reaction. Then chlorophyll converts light energy or photons into chemical energy, in the form of high-energy electrons. This chemical energy is used in the photosynthetic reaction places to split 2 water molecules, producing 4 electrons, 4 protons, and 2 oxygen atoms, which combine to form oxygen gas (O2) Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons from water. The process of photosynthesis in plants involves a series of steps and reactions that use solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce organic compounds and oxygen. The light reactions of photosynthesis - Light are absorbed and the energy is used to drive electrons from water to generate NADPH and to drive protons across a membrane. These protons return through ATP synthase to make ATP. The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to make organic products plants need, using the products from the light reactions of photosynthesis (ATP and NADPH). Autotroph – It is an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration; in the latter, glucose and other compounds are oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water and to release chemical energy to drive the organism's metabolism. The energy is temporarily transferred to two molecules, ATP and NADPH, which are used in the second stage of photosynthesis. ATP and NADPH are generated by two electron transport chains. During the light reactions, water is used and oxygen is produced. Calvin Cycle – See Answer no. 4 Chlorophyll - a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, which is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Light - the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible. Wavelength – It is the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave. The greater the energy, the larger the frequency and the shorter (smaller) the wavelength. It follows that short wavelengths are more energetic than long wavelengths. Photon – A particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass Antenna complexes are light-harvesting systems (LHC) which are protein-pigment complexes in or on photosynthetic membranes. LHCs receive radiant energy and transfer it to the reaction places; an array of LHCs is often referred to as an "antenna". Reaction Place - A photosynthetic reaction place is a complex of several proteins, pigments and other co-factors that together execute the primary energy conversion reactions of photosynthesis The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis, various electron donors are used. Cytochrome and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. When photosystem II absorbs light, electrons in the reaction-place chlorophyll are excited to a higher energy level and are trapped by the primary electron acceptors. Photoexcited electrons travel through the cytochrome b6f complex to photosystem I via an electron transport chain set in the thylakoid membrane. Z?Scheme of Photosynthesis. The “Z?scheme” describes the oxidation/reduction changes during the light reactions of photosynthesis Photophosphorylation is the use of light energy from photosynthesis to ultimately provide the energy to convert ADP to ATP. Photosynthesis takes place inside plant cells in small things called chloroplasts. When photosystem II absorbs light, electrons in the reaction-place chlorophyll are excited to a higher energy level and are trapped by the primary electron acceptors. Photoexcited electrons travel through the cytochrome b6f complex to photosystem I via an electron transport chain set in the thylakoid membrane. The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH. The electron transport chain in the mitochondrion is the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes. The NADH and succinate generated in the citric acid cycle are oxidized, providing energy to power ATP synthase. Photosynthetic electron transport chain of the thylakoid membrane. Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. An example of this would be the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

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