8.36 Synthesis question: An infant is admitted to the hospital with a history of

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8.36 Synthesis question: An infant is admitted to the hospital with a history of recurrent and persistent bacterial infections. His physician suspects he has an immunodeficiency iseso, and obtains a sample of the pationt's peripheral blood. The white blood cells iny antibody staining followed by flow cytometry, and the rosults are shown Figure Q8.36A Patke Peripherai blood cell CD10 (B cel CD19 (B cels) Figure Q8.36A To determine the origin of the peripheral blood cell defect, a bone marrow biopsy is taken from the patient and compared to a healthy control, as shown in Figure Q8.36B. ealthy l Bone enarrow cells lgM Figure Q8.36B To obtain additional information, bone marrow cells are treated with a chemical that permeabilizes the cell membrane, allowing antibodies to enter the cells and bind to their target antigens within the cells, a technique known as 'intracellular staining'. The results of this analysis are shown in Figure Q8.36C. Healthy Infan Intracellular stalning of bone marrow cells lpx Patient IgM IgM Figure Q8.36C a) What are populations 1, 2, and 3 in Figure Q8.36C? Page 1 of 3

Explanation / Answer

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According to the information, peripheral blood was drawn for conducting the experimentation which suggests that the blood used for this experimentation was rich in immune components. This means that the major cell types obtained in this experiment would belong to either humoral or cell-mediated immune response.

Here, the light chain of the immunoglobulin is aimed to be detected since presence of this chain would ensure presence of humoral immune response in the body. As it can be seen clearly from figure 2, the IgM light chain is missing from patient's blood suggesting lack of complete humoral response. Further, it can also be seen that while a cell permiabilization factor was added, the IgM light chains were still missing in the patient's blood. This finally suggests that the patient is suffering from a congenital defect pertaining to humoral immune response. Thus, the different cellular populations can be found as below:

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