determine the e proteins via SDS-PAGE, isolate the protein of interest from the
ID: 257981 • Letter: D
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determine the e proteins via SDS-PAGE, isolate the protein of interest from the gel, d peptides with HPLC, and then use MALDI to determtes b. Separat proteases, separate the resulting sequence of the individual peptides with son c. Proteins a re purified with HPLC, and then digested with protease. Peptides are purified PAGE prior to None of the above. mass spectrometry d. 7. Which of the following is the best description of Proteomic Pattern diag a. Finding protein marker for disease and b. Obtaining blood serum samples of healthy patients and pa then examining changes from normal to disease via tients with disease, followed by mass nd etry spectrometry. Then analyzing selective portions of data to find differences diseased c Uise of radioisotopes such as H, cs, and Nis to label proteins being produced by normal celis a d. All of the above e. None of the above. diseased cells. Then using mass spectrometry 8. Which of the following changes in a protein CANNOT be detected using mass spectrometry? a. Cleavage with an endoprotease b. Cleavage with an exoprotease c. Phosphorylation. d. Glycosylation. e. All of the above CAN be detected with mass spectrometry 9. His 6 tags are used in purifying proteins because: a. Histidine binds to Niz so a Nia column can be used to bind the protein of interest. b. Six histidines can be added to either the amino-terminal end or the carboxy-terminal end of the protein without disrupting overall structure. c. The protein can be removed from the column using histidine or imidazole. d. All of the above. e. Some of the above 10. Biopanning involves all of the following EXCEPT a. Screening a series of surface proteins for ability to bind a target such as an antibody b. A sequence of 6 histidine at the beginning of each peptide. c. Use of a phage display library d. The bacteriophage M13 e. All of the above are involved in biopanning 11. A two-hybrid system is used to study protein-protein interactions. Which of the following is true of a two- hybrid system. a Proteins are fused to either a DNA binding domain (bait) or an activation domain (prey). When proteins interact, a reporter gene is turned on b. The system is designed to work using E. coli but does not work in other organisms c. The DNA binding domain and the activation domain are from the maltose binding protein operon. d. All of the above. e. None of the above 12. The significance of metabolomics is a. It consists of all the small molecules in the biological system. b. It indicates the flow in the complex network system with in the cell. c. It can be studied with cells grown in Ci' glucose or C13I glucose followed by chromatography or NMR All of the above. d.Explanation / Answer
7. Proteome pattern diagnosis:
Proteome pattern involves, obtaining signal patterns by mass spectrometry, in form of either electrospray ionization (ESI) or surface enhanced laser desorption or ionization (SELDI).
Proteomics pattern can be used I diagnosis, especially early detection of cancers. The serum from the diseased individual and healthy individuals are acquired, mass spectrometry patterns are generated for each, followed by use of artificial intelligence programming to analyze and compare the patterns. It does not depend on conventional method of biomarker or protein marker detection. It also, does not use radioisotope markers.
Option B is correct.
8. Mass spectrometry can be used to detect protein modifications. This includes glycosylation, phosphorylation, as well as proteolytic cleavages by proteases (endo-protease or exo-protease).
Option E is correct.
9. Six (or nine) histidine residues are incorporated as poly-histidine tags, for purification of recombinant proteins. His-6 tags can be introduced in -terminal or C-terminal of the protein. They can be easily detected due to the reason that, several immobilized metal ions (like nickel, cobalt, copper). The method of protein purification, elution of proteins may be enhanced by adding imidazole.
Option d is correct.
10. Biopanning is used in peptide selection. Steps involved are: introduction of gene of interest into bacteriophage genome (M13), desired target is conjugated to phage library, selecting the target peptide with specific antibody. Biopanning does not involve histidine 6 in each peptide.
Option b is correct.
11. Two hybrid system or screening is used for detection of protein-protein interaction, protein-DNA interaction, or protein binding with each other or comparative to DNA. It involves interaction of “bait” with “prey” (DNA or Protein), that will switch on the reporter gene. It was developed in yeast, ad can be used in other organisms.
Option A is correct.
12. Metabolomics is study involving metabolites. They involve small molecule analysis in metabolic profiles. Diabetes detection by metabolomics, use glucose as C33 and C34.
Option d is correct.
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