adapted from a case by Anne G. Rosenwald Department of Biology Georgetown Univer

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adapted from a case by Anne G. Rosenwald Department of Biology Georgetown University, Washington, DC Partl - Cholesterol Metabolism Naomi, who had just turned 50, decided it was high time to get a physical. At a preliminary visit, she exchanged brief ntries with her physician, Dr. Hernandez, and continued with the following conversation. easa As you get older, there are some issues you need to think about. Tell me about your cating habits. Naomi: I try to eat healthy Dr. Hernandez: What kinds of food do you eat? try to eat fresh fruits and vegetables, I avoid refined lour and sugat, and I eat mostly chicken and fish, very little red meat. Dr. Hernandez: And what about exercise? Naomi: I try to exercise a few times a week. I like to walk and I go swimming when I can. Hemandez: You're at a good weight for your height, so no concerns there. Tell me about your family-your grandparents, parents and siblings. Have they had any health issues? Cancer, diabetes, heart dis- ease? Naomi: We're mostly pretty healthy, though my father did have a heart attack a few years ago. Dr. Hernandez: Naomi: How old was he then? I think he was 77. He's 79 now and doing well. As a result of this conversation, Dr. Hernandez ordered some blood work, which included measurement of Naomis fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. Table 1. Leading causes of death in U.S. Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. An asterisk () indicates an NCD. Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise around the world. In developed countries like the United States, heart disease tops the list of major causes of death (Table 1) [Ref. 1]. According to the CDC about 32% ofAmerican adults have high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a risk factor for heart disease and stroke [Ref. 2]. Cause of death Deaths Heart disease Cancer Chronic lower respiratory diseases Accidents (unintentional injuries) Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases) Alzheimer's disease Dak Influenza and Pneumonia Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and ephrosis (kidney disease) Intentional self-harm (suicide) 633.842 595,930 155,041 146,571 140.323 110.561 of these, only about one in three have their LDL numbers under control; about h are undergoing some kind of treatment [Ref. 3] * Diabetes 79.535 57,062 49,959 in Science, University at Buffalo, State Univenity of New York. Case copyright held by the National Center for Case Study Teaching this work. Licensed photo in title block Rogerashford Dreamstime, ID 74298108 ber 11, 2017. Please see our usage guidelines, which oucline our policy concerning permissible reproduction of

Explanation / Answer

(8) Ans: High density lipoprotein more important function is transport cholesterol from the cells and tissue back to the liver. HDL is called the good cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body to back to your liver than your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.

(2) Ans: Liver tissues producing endogenous cholesterol.

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