Cellular transport of proteins is very important in order for a cell to function

Question

Cellular transport of proteins is very important in order for a cell to function properly. For each of the mutations below, (1) explain what type of transport will be affected by explaining the correct transport process and where the problem will arise and (2) where the proteins that are transported incorrectly will be found (6 pts). 3. (1) A mutation in N-acetyl transferase, the enzyme that adds N-linked glycosylation to proteins. (2) A mutation in the TOM complex (3) A mutation that causes GTP to not be hydrolyzed in the cytosol

Explanation / Answer

The transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines is catalyzed by the N-acetyltransferase (NAT). NAT has a very broad specificity for aromatic amines, predominantly serotonin, and can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without CoA.

This enzyme is important in human in the conjugation of metabolites from the liver, mainly in the metabolism and excretion of drug products. Therefore, mutation of which shall have serious implications in drug metabolism.

The Translocase of the outer membrane (TOM), a complex presents on outer mitochondrial membrane, responsible for the translocation of proteins produced from nuclear DNA through the mitochondrial membrane, to be used in oxidative phosphorylation. Mutation in TOM complex causes problems in oxidative stress, aging, drug treatment, and exercise.

The stimulation of protein “push-pull” mechanism of import into mitochondrial matrix is caused by the GTP hydrolysis, which may be common to other post-translational translocation pathways.

The affected protein is found in the cytosol.

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