The following concentration levels for nucleotides have been measured in active

Question

The following concentration levels for nucleotides have been measured in active mitochondria: ADP = 1.3 mM; ATP = 4.8 mM Estimate how many molecules of ATP and ADP are present per mitochondrion, assuming the dimensions given (Mitochondria are quite small – a good approximation is a cylinder 2 micrometer long and 1 micrometer in diameter ).

The average production of ATP by human cells has been estimated as 10 million molecules per second per cell. If a cell contains approx. 100 mitochondria, what fraction (as a percentage) of the ADP in each mitochondrion is converted to ATP per second?

ATP synthase running at maximum rate can convert approx. 100 molecules of ADP to ATP per second; how many ATP synthase complexes per mitochondrion are necessary? (Estimates of the actual number range widely, but approx. 5000 is probably a reasonable consensus)

Explanation / Answer

In total ,each glucose molecule undergoing cellular respiration produces 38 ATP molecules, 2 ATPs from glycolysis, 2ATP from kreb cycle & 34ATP from electron transport system.and 2 ADP in glycolysis is present.there are 10-20 mitochondria in a cell,1ATP synthase complex generates 100-150ATP molecule in each second.ATP. synthase is limited by MlQ. The fraction of ADP is converted intoATP is nearly one because ATP produced in mitochondria is equal to ADP. Average production of ATP in human cell is 10 million per second per cell & that cell contain approx. 100 mitochondria.

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