I need assistance with this set of questions about the Ames Test; this is the on

Question

I need assistance with this set of questions about the Ames Test; this is the only information we were given.

I don't think the previous answers given to me on other attempts are completely right, especially the initiation and promotion questions. Can someone please go over the questions and provide an explanation?

The Ames’ test can be used to pre-screen substances as potential carcinogens before warranting further animal studies. Using the graph on the right, discuss features of the Ames’ test vs. the results from animal studies.

a) ______Which letter would likely represent a promoting agent and why?

b) ______Which letter would likely represent an initiating agent and why?

c) ______Which letter would likely represent a progressor agent/complete carcinogen and why?

d) ______Which letter would represent compounds that are likely not carcinogenic and why?

e) ______Which letter might correspond to ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and why?

Ames Test: LOTS of colonies! Animals LOTS of tumors! ubstances g further t, discuss animal sent a ent an ent a ogen? Animals: NO tumors! Ames Test: Few Colonies

Explanation / Answer

A) D letter may represent the promoting agent of a tumor, in this few colonies reported with lots of tumors, it means the substance D acting as a promoting agent which promote a few proliferated cells to form tumors. It supports the cell to undergo uncontrolled cell divisions. less number of colonies indicate that it is may not be an initiating agent.

B) B letter may indicate the initiating agent, it is showing colonies, but no tumors. That means it can induce mutation but cannot progress the tumor conversion.

C) C letter indicate the progressor or a complete carcinogen, it is showing lots of colonies and lots of tumors. This substance is a powerful carcinogen which can cause mutations in most of the bacteria tested and it alone creates tumors in an animal system.

D)B letter likely not a carcinogen because it is showing a few numbers of colonies with no reported tumors, that means it is not effective to cause mutations also cannot promote cancer.

E) Ascorbic acid may either represented by B letter as it is showing no tumor incidence.

F) Rat enzymes generally added in ames test mixture so that the metabolic influence also be considered in test tube analysis, so all letters in the chart representing it.

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