2. Summarize the central flow of genetic information (a.k.a. “the central dogma

Question

2. Summarize the central flow of genetic information (a.k.a. “the central dogma of molecular biology”). 3. “Genes code for gene products.” What does this statement mean? 4. Briefly describe the structure of DNA by using the following terms: nucleotide, strand, base, complementary, deoxyribose, phosphate, anti-parallel, base pairing, adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine, phosphodiester bond, 5’end, 3’end. 5. How many DNA molecules are in one bacterial chromosome? How many genes are in an average bacterial chromosome? How many DNA molecules are in one eukaryotic chromosome? How many genes are estimated to be in the human genome?

Explanation / Answer

2. Summarize the central flow of genetic information (a.k.a. “the central dogma of molecular biology”).
The central flow of genetic infomration has two steps.
Step 1. Transcription - During transcription, the genetic code copies from DNA to mRNA. RNA polymease plays a major role here, this RNA polymease uses NTPS to synthesize the RNA molecules. The three nucleotides together on the mRNA acts a unit for genetic information, those are reffered as codon

Step 2: Translation - The synthesis of polypeptides on the basis of the information on mRNA is called translation. Ribosomes plays a crucial role here. tRNA with appropriate anticodons bring the AA to the ribosomes and the polypeptide synthesis occurs. When it reaches to the nonsence codons, the translation stops and the polypeptide chain will be realesed in to the cytoplasm. This translation is a very complex step, several enzymes and factor such as initiaion, elongation, releasing factos invovled here.

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