An imaginary researcher examined the 18 largest mammal species in the Americas t

Question

An imaginary researcher examined the 18 largest mammal species in the Americas that occur on both the mainland and on islands. Sixteen of the mammal species were smaller on islands than on the mainland, such as the Channel Island pygmy mammoth. The remaining two species were larger on the islands than the mainland. With these data, test whether large mammals are likely to differ in size between islands and the mainland in a particular direction. Proceed through all four steps of the hypothesis testing procedure. Use the null distribution given below to calculate your P-value. Enter the P-value, including the leading zero, rounded to two significant figures.

2) Phrases like “does not change”, “does not affect”, “do not differ”, and “is the same” are often included in a/n [x] .

Number Probability 0 0.000004 1 0.00007 2 0.0006 3 0.0031 4 0.0117 5 0.0327 6 0.0708 7 0.1214 8 0.1669 9 0.1855 10 0.1669 11 0.1214 12 0.0708 13 0.0327 14 0.0117 15 0.0031 16 0.0006 17 0.00007 18 0.000004

Explanation / Answer

Here,

H0 : p = 0.5

Ha : p > 0.5

Here p is the proportion of  large mammals who are smaller on islands as compared to mainland.

Here the test statistic T = 2

so, Pr(T <=2) = BIN (T < = 2; 18; 0.5) = 0.0006 < 0.05

so we will reject the null hypothesis and can conclude that large mammals are likely to differ in size between islands and the mainland in a particular direction.

(2) Yes, these phrases are same and represents affirmation to null hypothesis.

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