People remember when their horoscopes had an uncanny prediction—say, the predict

Question

People remember when their horoscopes had an uncanny prediction—say, the prediction of a problem in love on the exact day of the breakup of a romantic relationship—and decide that horoscopes are accurate. Yet, Munro & Munro (2000) are among those who have challenged such a conclusion. They reported that 34% of students chose their own horoscope as the best match for them when the horoscopes were labeled with the signs of the zodiac, whereas only 13% chose their own horoscope when the predictions were labeled only with numbers and in a random order. Thirteen percent is not statistically significantly different from 8.3%, which is the percentage we'd expect by chance.

a. What is the population of interest? What is the sample in this study?

b. What type of selection was likely used?

c. What type of assignment was likely used in this study?

d. What is the independent variable and what are its levels?

e. What is the null hypothesis?

f. What decision did the researchers make?

g. If the researchers were incorrect in their decision, what kind of error did they make?

h. What is the dependent variable? What type of variables is this?

i. What is the research hypothesis?

j. Suppose that the researchers made a Type I error. What are the consequences of this type of error?

Explanation / Answer

a) the population of interest -- all studens and

the sample in the study -- students who were included in sample.

b) Selection basis is not given and hence cannot say random or not

c) cannot say about this with the given information

d) Horoscopes predicted with zodiac signs or numbers in random order

e) H0:p = 8.3% = 0.083

    Ha: p not equals 0.083

f) There is no statistically significant difference between 8.3 and 13%. I.e. accept null hypothesis

g) Type II error they make by accepting wrong null hypothesis.

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