help! can you please type the answer or write the answer so clear, I can\'t read

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help!
can you please type the answer or write the answer so clear, I can't read some hand writing.
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CHAPTER 6 WORKSHEET DESIGN Whats desi Read eveh brief report of tatletieral researd, and iiestify tay whether it was a survey, study or an experiment. an o If it was a survey, idrtunfw lir poesible) (c) the popalst inn porauunner of irrteret the semple ant randoenixation was euupkyed. (e) the samplung murtluod, ineluding whether or Mrd any problems you see in genm- (f) Any potential -euroes of bias yon detect nlizing to the population of inte If it was an observational study, identity (if poeeible) (b) whethet it wns retroeportiw or prospective. (c) the subjects studied and how they were selected. of the coucheon five study the nature and soope If it una an ide it (if poeeille ex (b) the subject studerd. levels kr euda (e) the fortor la the expeniment and the muuber of (d) the nulaber of treatments. (e) tbe response warimble measured. (f) the mature aad scope of the conclusion the etudy can teach. 1. For studying U.5 young adults social llie, a question poeted on the gamrings.com web- site on August 2011, asked visitors to the sme, "Do you have an active social Wie ostside the Intertet? 22% cd the 55.581 respondents said "No or "Not really, most of my persotual cotiteet is online, 2. Amang group of disabled women aged 65 ond older who wrre tracked for several years, thoeie who had a vitamin B12 dellcienny were twice as likely to suffer severe depression as tboee who did not. (Journal of Psychiatry itT1200) 715) 217

Explanation / Answer

1. The first question is an example of a survey as we find that it asks a question which is open for everyone to participate in to give their consent/ point of view. One of the most common indications of a survey is that it includes the masses and data collection is always give more priority.

In this case the population was the U.S young adults as a whole.

The population parameter of interest was social life, for which the question has been asked.

The sample was drawn circusmstancially as it is evident that it considers only those among the U.S young adults , who had visited the site. And since they consider all off the 55k visitors hence no randomization was involved.

One potential source of bias could be the fact that there is no surity of the fact that people who visited the website were a part of the young adults only. Also "young adults" do not have a specified age boundary as well.

2) The second situation is an example of a retrospective study as we have been told that the subjects have already been follwed for several years prior to the study

The subjects were selected based on their age groups , whether they were 65 years or older based on whether they had B12 deficiency.

The given study could help in the process of prescribing drugs to patients with disabilities and belonging to the given age groups so that they can be protected from having depression

3) This is an example of a prospective study. Since we see that the study identifies the population and then follows them over a period of time to see the developement of a disesase, in this case , breast cancer.

The study selected subject who were women and lived nearby the area of the accident and included those who were of age 40 into the final stusy population.

The study helps in the investigation and subsequent finding of the fact that dioxin was indeed responsible for increasing the incidence of breast cancer and this would provide the administration a chance to cure and prevent it.

4) This is an example of an experiment as we see that at each step people suffering from insomnia were randomly allocated to bifold treatment groups based on diet (dessert or no-dessert) and exercise (exercise and no exercise) and then check for results.

The subjects included in the experiment were forty people suffering from insomnia.

The factors or the independant variables who limits are set by the experimenter, in this case, are ice cream with two levels, yes or no and exercise, with two levels, yes or no.

There are four treatments in this experiment namely dessert after dinner, no desert after dinner, exercise and no exercise,

The response variable in this experiment was change in the level of insomnia among the subjects.

This experiment provides us with the conclusion that subjects who ate no desserts and exercised showed improvement in their insomnia status, i.e. their insomnia decreased. This could be of very use to medical practitioners and dieticians to help patients with insomnia to recover faster.

5) This, yet again, is an example of a survey as all the individuals passing through the given road are checked for documents.

The population of interest were all those who drove motor vehicles.

The sample ended up being those who passed through the road where the road block was placed. No randomization was involved as everyone who passed through the road were checked.

One potential source of bias could be the fact that the flow of traffic is not equal on all the streets in a city,no information about the traffic density of the metioned road is given. If the traffic density is high it is probable that one might detect even more discrepancies in the documentation.

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