Researchers selected a random sample of 4048 medical records of adults diagnosed

Question

Researchers selected a random sample of 4048 medical records of adults diagnosed with gum disease. In all, 2226 were current smokers, 891 were former smokers, and 931 never smoked regularly. Do the data indicate that gum disease is equally likely regardless of smoking status?

The chi-square test in this situation is

a. not valid because the study is not a randomized experiment.

b. valid because the sample size is large.

c. valid because the sample is random and the observed counts are large enough.

d. valid because the sample is random and the expected counts are large enough.

Explanation / Answer

answer a.a. not valid because the study is not a randomized experiment.

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