For each example below, indicate which of the following statistics would be appr

Question

For each example below, indicate which of the following statistics would be appropriate.

A. z-test

B. independent samples t-test

C. paired samples t-test

D. correlation / regression

E. none of the above

1. You give a sample of 5th graders two tests: one test of geometric reasoning and one test of multiplicative reasoning. You want to see if there is a relationship between these two kinds of reasoning.

2. You are interested in the relationship between bilingualism and visual processing. You want to test to see if bilingual students will have higher visual spatial skills than monolingual students. You recruit bilingual and monolingual students to your study and have each group take a visual processing test.

3. You want to investigate the effects of violent videogames on a measure of empathy. Each participant takes the empathy test twice, once after playing a violent videogame and once after playing a non-violent videogame.

4. You want to compare the effectiveness of three reading instruction programs: whole language, phonics, and a hybrid program. You recruit students and place each student into one of the three conditions for two weeks of instruction. Then each student takes a reading comprehension test.

5. You are interested in when and how infants learn to perceive and share emotion with their parents. You recruit a sample of parent-infant pairs, with the infants being 1-2 months old. Parents sit with infants on their laps in the lab room and watch a little light that you control. When the light is green, the parents smile. When it is red, they display neutral emotion. You code your data for infant wiggling. You want to see if the infants behave differently (e.g., wiggle more) when their parents smile (i.e., you want to test the null hypothesis that infant wiggling is unaffected by smiling).

6. You have been hired by a school of engineering to see if there is a relationship between gender and choice of engineering major. They give you a dataset based on a survey of a sample of students who were asked two questions:
     What is your gender? (Male or Female)
     What is your major? (Mechanical Eng., Electrical Eng., or Other)?
The dean of the school tells you that he knows that males far outnumber females in the school of engineering. His question is, it there a relationship between gender and choice of major?

7. You conduct a study to look at the relationship between taking math classes and standardized test scores. You find a sample of high school seniors and collect two pieces of data: their SAT math score and the number of hours of math class they have had in their lives. You want to see if there is a relationship between these two measures.

8. You are in clothing marketing and you want to know of people prefer stripes or polka dots. You find a sample of potential customers and show them each 5 striped dresses and 5 polka dot dresses, in random order. For each dress, they give a rating on a scale of 1 to 100 or how much they like the dress. You find an average polka dot score and an average stripes score for each person. You want to know which pattern (stripes or polka dots) would likely get a higher score among consumers in general.

9. You are interested in whether playing Guitar Hero helps or hurts musical skill. You find a sample of 50 people who have never played the game, and you randomly divide the sample into two groups. One group plays Guitar Hero for 10 hours, while the other group plays a non-musical game (Tetris, with the sound off) for 10 hours. After playing, all participants take a test of musical skill that you have devised.

Explanation / Answer

1 ) D. correlation / regression

2 )  B. independent samples t-test

3 )  C. paired samples t-test

4 )  E. none of the above

5 )  A. z-test

6 )  E. none of the above

7 )  D. correlation / regression

8 ) B. independent samples t-test

9 ) B. independent samples t-test

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