A chi-squared test of independence was used to determine whether there was an as

Question

A chi-squared test of independence was used to determine whether there was an association between sex and smoking status. Using the output shown below, determine the most appropriate conclusion from among the choices given:

Pearson Chi-Square = 8.671, DF = 1, P-Value = 0.003

Select one:

a. None of these choices.

b. There may be no association between sex and smoking

c. There is an association between sex and smoking. Observed and expected values were the approximately equal.

d. There is an association between sex and smoking. Fewer females and more males than expected were smokers.

e. There is an association between sex and smoking. More females and fewer males than expected were smokers.

Smoking Sex No Yes Total Female 100
(114.3) 120
(105.7) 220 Male 100
(85.7) 65
(79.3) 165 Total 200 185 385

Explanation / Answer

Since the p-value is very less, we reject the null hypothesis that there is an association between the two attributes.

So, the conclusion is there is an association between sex and smoking.

And if we look at the table, we can see that more females and fewer males than expected were smokers.

So, ans :- e. There is an association between sex and smoking. More females and fewer males than expected were smokers.

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