In a piece of tissue isolated from intestines of an animal, how could you tell h

Question

In a piece of tissue isolated from intestines of an animal, how could you tell how many different types of bacteria were present inside that animal? Why is the size of our genome not directly proportional to the number of genes? How did our genomes acquire so many LINES and SINES? How does retrotransposition occur? How do repetitive elements in the genome lead to genomic instability? What is a pseudogene and where do they come from? Where do piRNAs come from? What is the target RNA for piRNAs? What proteins use piRNAs to destroy target RNA? How do piRNAs stop transposons from destroying the genome? Differentiate between core and linker histones and identify which major histones belong to each of these classes. What is the purpose of the unstructured histone ?tails?? How do nucleosomes pack into higher order structures in mitotic chromosomes and what protein family is central to this process? Distinguish where Condensins and Cohesins would bind along mitototic chromosomes based on their role in chromatin condensation and chromatid alignment.

Explanation / Answer

Retrotransposons (also called transposons via RNA intermediates) are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in a genome and are ubiquitous components of the DNA of many eukaryotic organisms.

Pseudogenes are genomic DNA sequences similar to normal genes but non-functional; they are regarded as defunct relatives of functional genes.

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