Question 24 (2 points) Adoption records and other measures show greater similari

Question

Question 24 (2 points)

Adoption records and other measures show greater similarity between ____________ raised in different homes than ____________ raised in the same home.

Question 24 options:

fraternal twins; identical twins

twins; siblings

parents; children

brothers; sisters

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Question 25 (2 points)

The focus for the material that has been repressed and rejected by the individual as incompatible with the persona is called the:

Question 25 options:

shadow

conformity archetype

primordial image

instinctual force

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Question 26 (2 points)

According to Sheldon's somatyping scheme, if you are an intelligent person who tends to be introverted, you are closest to the ___________ type.

Question 26 options:

internal

external

ectomorph

endomorph

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Question 27 (2 points)

Which statement is true about the psychoanalytic theory of personality?

Question 27 options:

The biological basis of personality through evolution, genetics, and chemical processes; the importance of the brain and hormones significantly affects enduring characteristics or traits that last a lifetime.

Our inner nature and conflicts (hidden impulses, secret desires, and so on) and the delicate balance among them that maintains us as separate, thriving persons.

The creative and fulfillment model of personality: humans are neither negative nor neutral; they are positive, life-affirming creatures, destined to know themselves through exploration and cognitive control.

The external factors that drive the development of our actions; how our behaviors are reinforced, punished, or ignored greatly affects our growing sense of self.

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Question 28 (2 points)

Which statement is true about the cognitive-behavioral theory of personality?

Question 28 options:

The biological basis of personality through evolution, genetics, and chemical processes; the importance of the brain and hormones significantly affects enduring characteristics or traits that last a lifetime.

Our inner nature and conflicts (hidden impulses, secret desires, and so on) and the delicate balance among them that maintains us as separate, thriving persons.

The creative and fulfillment model of personality: humans are neither negative nor neutral; they are positive, life-affirming creatures, destined to know themselves through exploration and cognitive control.

The external factors that drive the development of our actions; how our behaviors are reinforced, punished, or ignored greatly affects our growing sense of self.

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Question 29 (2 points)

In the history of personality psychology, which time period described traits in terms of elements, humors, conditions, dispositions, and colors?

Question 29 options:

Modern

Medieval

Ancient

Humanistic

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Question 30 (2 points)

__________ is an itemized, structured, and objective questionnaire on specified topic.

Question 30 options:

Case study

Survey

Experimental research

Natural observation

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Question 31 (2 points)

Participant bias is:

Question 31 options:

The ability for the expectations of others to affect actual behavior.

A participant's belief that there is a "proper" way to behave in an experiment or a "right" way to answer a question on a survey.

Beginning with a basic premise or statement about a problem in personality.

The way in which a personality characteristic or related behavior is structured can predetermine or at least affect its outcome.

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Question 32 (2 points)

According to Cloninger (1994), what is the distinction between temperament and character?

Question 32 options:

Temperament is conscious and character is unconscious.

Character results in a self-concepts whereas temperament results in habits and skills.

Temperament is related to personality whereas character is divorced of personality, but continues to impact behavior.

Character emerges in infancy whereas temperament emerges in adulthood.

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Question 33 (2 points)

__________ is used by the individual to control behavioral or verbal responses (impulses) despite the presence of the response evoking stimuli.

Question 33 options:

Habit

Extroversion

Inhibition

Socialization

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Question 34 (2 points)

Which assumption of the psychodynamic approach can explain errors in memory?

Question 34 options:

The majority of psychological processes take place outside conscious awareness.

Emphasizes that early childhood events as determinants of personality development and dynamics.

Thoughts, motives, emotional responses, and expressed behaviors do not arise randomly, but always stem from some combination of identifiable biological and psychological processes.

Personality can be understood as reflecting the mental images of significant figures.

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Question 35 (2 points)

Which assumption of the psychodynamic approach points to the significance of infant temperament for shaping later personality?

Question 35 options:

The majority of psychological processes take place outside conscious awareness.

Emphasizes that early childhood events as determinants of personality development and dynamics.

Thoughts, motives, emotional responses, and expressed behaviors do not arise randomly, but always stem from some combination of identifiable biological and psychological processes.

Personality can be understood as reflecting the mental images of significant figures.

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Question 36 (2 points)

Which pair represents a continuum described in the Big 5 personality theory?

Question 36 options:

openness - extraversion

conscientious - neurotic

agreeable - open

extroversion - introversion

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Question 37 (2 points)

Which is a supertrait according to Hans Eysenck?

Question 37 options:

Extroversion-Introversion

Agreeableness

Openness

Politeness

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Question 38 (2 points)

The major determinants of the personality, the sources of psychic energy, and drives are contained in the:

Question 38 options:

ego

preconscious

unconscious

subconscious

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Question 39 (2 points)

The portion of the psychic apparatus that is in contact with external reality is the:

Question 39 options:

ego

preconscious

superego

superconscious

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Question 40 (2 points)

The reservoir of energy for the whole personality is the:

Question 40 options:

ego

superego

id

eros

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Question 41 (2 points)

According to Freud, a normal, healthy behavior pattern is aimed at:

Question 41 options:

fulfilling sexual needs

making unconscious tension material conscious

reducing tension

sustaining existing defense mechanisms

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Question 42 (2 points)

The character we assume, through which we relate to others, is known as the:

Question 42 options:

animus

shadow

persona

ego

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Question 43 (2 points)

Personality descriptors that designate separate, discrete categories of individuals are called:

Question 43 options:

continuous

constitutions

traits

types

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Question 44 (2 points)

Which of the following is not a personality characteristic found in the Five-Factor Model?

Question 44 options:

independence

neuroticism

extroversion

agreeableness

fraternal twins; identical twins

twins; siblings

parents; children

brothers; sisters

Explanation / Answer

1.Option B)

Adoption records and other measures show greater similarity between twins raised in different homes than siblings raised in the same home.

2.Option A) Shadow

An archetype is a type of mental template in which we can fit our experiences, behaviour etc , it is part of our psyche, originating from primordial instincts.Shadow is one such archetype,which focusses on material which is repressed from our consciousness.

3.Option C)

According to Sheldon's somatyping scheme, if you are an intelligent person who tends to be introverted, you are closest to the ectomorphic type.

Sheldon's taxonomy of personality based on body types are named after the three germ layers of embryo.

4.Option B)

psychoanalytic theory of personality ---- Our inner nature and conflicts (hidden impulses, secret desires, and so on) and the delicate balance among them that maintains us as separate, thriving persons.

The biological basis of personality ---- through evolution, genetics, and chemical processes; the importance of the brain and hormones significantly affects enduring characteristics or traits that last a lifetime.

Cognitive-behavioral model- The external factors that drive the development of our actions; how our behaviors are reinforced, punished, or ignored greatly affects our growing sense of self.

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