Autonomic motor nerves do NOT innervate _____ A. smooth muscle. B. skeletal musc

Question

Autonomic motor nerves do NOT innervate _____ A. smooth muscle. B. skeletal muscle. C. cardiac muscle. D. glands. Where do autonomic postganglionic neurons originate? A. hindbrain B. gray matter of spinal cord C. peripheral ganglia D. All apply. _____ fibers have relatively slower nerve conduction because they are thin and unmyelinated. A. Preganglionic autonomic sympathetic B. Postganglionic autonomic sympathetic C. Preganglionic somatic D. Postganglionic somatic The _______ are branches made from the myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons that go from the spinal nerves to sympathetic ganglia chain. A. dorsal rami B. ventral rami C. white rami communicantes D. gray rami communicantes Cutaneous effectors such as blood vessels, sweat glands, and errector pili muscles innervated by ______ A. only parasympathetic nerves. B. only sympathetic nerves. C. both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. D. both parasympathetic and somatic nerves. The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system A. utilizes norepinephrine as a postganglionic neurotransmitter. B. has a relatively short preganglionic neuron. C. utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter. D. includes the adrenal medulla. _______ is released by most postganglionic sympathetic nerves. A. Acetylcholine B. Epinephrine C. Norepinephrine D. Dopamine

Explanation / Answer

1) The autonomic motor nerves play a role in the control of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. So, it does NOT innervate skeletal muscles. Answer: Option B

2) The autonomic post ganglionic neuron originates at the peripheral ganglia (i.e. ganglia outside the CNS) while pre ganglionic neuron originates from the brain and spinal cord. So, correct answer is Option C

3) The neuronal fiber which is unmyelinated and thin is the post ganglionic autonomic sympathetic. Almost all of somatic nerve fibers are myelinated (So, option C and D can be ignored). The correct answer is Option B

4) The white rami communicantes are the branches made from the myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons that go from the spinal nerves to sympathetic ganglia chain. Correct answer Option C

5) The sympathetic nervous system is involved in fight or flight response while the parasympathetic nervous system is involved in the rest-and-digest response. The effectors' blood vessels, sweat glands, and errector pili muscles are associated with fight or flight response and hence the correct answer is only sympathetic nerves Option B

6) The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system mainly utilizes acetylcholine as a pre ganglionic neurotransmitter.The adrenal medulla is included in the sympathetic nervous system, short preganglionic neurons are also seen in the sympathetic nervous system and nor epinephrine as post ganglionic neurotransmitter is also used by the sympathetic nervous system. So, the correct option is Option C

7) Norepinephrine is released by most postganglionic sympathetic nerves. So correct answer is Option C

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