8· The is a significant site of absorption of water and electrolytes, but NOT of
ID: 3482350 • Letter: 8
Question
8· The is a significant site of absorption of water and electrolytes, but NOT of nutrients. A) mouth B) stomach C) small intestine D) large intestine E) None of the answers are correct. contain the greatest diversity of chemical bonds that must be broken down during digestion. A Structural carbohydrates B)Nonstructural carbohydrates c Minerals o) Proteins E Lipids 10. Which of the following has stimulatory effects on acid- secreting cells, pepsinogen-secreting cells, and muscle motility in the stomach? A) Secretin B) Cholecystokinin C) Gastrin D) Gastric inhibitory polypeptide E) All of the above If the Na-K"-ATPase in the basolateral membrane were blocked, would you predict a larger effect on glucose transport or fructose transport? Why? 12. Which of these is matched incorrectly? A) innate immunity- nonspecific responses invaders developed by the cell:s placenta or milk to offspring B) acquired immunity responses directed toward specific C) active immunity an immune response started and D) actively acquired immunity - immunity passed via the E) None of the above; all are matched correctly 13. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system include A) macrophages and monocytes. B) neutrophils and cosinophils. C) lymphocytes and plasma cells. D) macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. E) macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.Explanation / Answer
Answer 8:
Water and electrolytes are primarily absorbed form the small intestine and large intestine. Approximately 90% absorption occurs in small intestine.
Now as per the question, both small and large intestine are correct for the absorption of water and electrolytes. However, majority of nutrients are absorbed in small intestine and large intestine is not that much significant for absorbing nutrients.
Therefore the correct answer will be option (D) large intestine.
Answer 9:
The greatest diversity of chemical bonds is found in proteins, followed by lipids, carbohydrates and minerals. The food we ingest contain good amount of protein, which vary structurally and have molecular weight in thousands of Kilo Daltons, for example soy protein has weight ranging from 8000 to 600,000 kD. These proteins have covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions and van der Waals interactions which needs to be broken before absorption.
Therefore the correct answer will be option (D) proteins.
Answer 10:
Gsatrin activates gastrin receptors located on the partial cells, which incresease the intracellular Ca++ concentration and thereby activates H+ k+ ATPase pump (also known as proton pump). Activation of proton pump increase the concentration of H+ ions in the lumen of perital cells, which then combine with Cl- and result in the production and secretion of HCL.
Moreover, gastrin also cause release of pepsinogen from the chief cells and promote muscular contractions in the stomach to aid digestion.
Therefore the correct answer will be option (C) gastrin.
Answer 11:
If Na+ - K+ - ATPase pump in the basolateral membrane is blocked, it will result in reduced glucose and fructose transport.
The reason for this is that the Na+ ion is needed for the cotransport of glucose and fructose through sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2). If the Na+ - K+ - ATP ase pump is inhibited, then Na+ ion will not be available for transporting glucose or fructose and thereby their transport will be reduced or inhibited.
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