At the molecular level, how do Amphetamines work to increase the feeling of rewa
ID: 3482528 • Letter: A
Question
At the molecular level, how do Amphetamines work to increase the feeling of reward?
a. Amphetamines increase the probability of vesicle release by increasing presynaptic permeability to calcium
b. Amphetamines decrease the activity of GABAergic interneurons
c. Amphetamines block reuptake receptors, increasing the amount of time Dopamine is in the synaptic cleft
d. Amphetamines increase the sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors, increasing the effect of Dopamine per synapse
e. C and d are correct
a. Amphetamines increase the probability of vesicle release by increasing presynaptic permeability to calcium
b. Amphetamines decrease the activity of GABAergic interneurons
c. Amphetamines block reuptake receptors, increasing the amount of time Dopamine is in the synaptic cleft
d. Amphetamines increase the sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors, increasing the effect of Dopamine per synapse
e. C and d are correct
Explanation / Answer
The Answer to this question is option C
Amphitamines block reuptake receptors, increasing the amount of time Dopamine is in the synaptic cleft
Explaination : -
Action potential causes realease of Neurotransmitter dopamine from presynaptic axon terminal. In presynaptic terminal there are channels called DAT which are responsible for entry and exit of certian molecules. WIthin the presynaptic terminals there are presynaptic vesicles that stores Dopamine. Each vesicles has channels which are quite similar to DAT which are called VMAT2. VMAT2 are responsible for entry and exit of Dopamine into synapse. Action potential in the axon terminal causes voltage gated calcium channel to open and causing calcium to enter the terminal. The calcium which has entered inside the presynaptic terminal causes synaptic vesicle to fuse with the membrane. Each of this vesicles releases certain amount Dopamine into the synaptic cleft the dopamine released into the synaptic cleft then diffuses across the synaptic cleft.
This neurotransmitter binds to receptors on post synaptic terminal directly or indirectly causing opening of chemically gated channels. Current flows across the post synaptic axon terminal. After certain amount of time dopamine dissociates receptors and is taken up back by synaptic vesicle by the process of reuptake.
Amphetamine causes release of Dopamine from the axon terminal which activates post synaptic effect. In addition to causing release of Dopamine amphitamines interferes and blocks the reuptake of Dopamine causing increase in effect of dopamine on synaptic cleft. Dopamine continues to activate its receptors prolonged use of which may cause very large amount of Dopamine in a synaptic cleft.
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