3. Smoking cigarettes has many impacts on the respiratory system. Describe the n

Question

3. Smoking cigarettes has many impacts on the respiratory system. Describe the normal histology and functions of the conducting portion and portions and then describe the changes in structure and function that may result from smoking leading to smoker's symptoms (12) Type of epithelial tissue lining Functions Nose/mouth-pharynx larynx Trachea main-primary bronchi lobar bronchi . secondary bronchi segmental bronchi tertiary bronchi interlobular bronchi Branching bronchioles of various sizes - terminal bronchioles Alveoli Relate the major histological changes between normal and smoker's respiratory zone

Explanation / Answer

Type of epithelial tissue lining in nasal cavity is columnar epithelium.functions : globlet cells in epithelium secreats mucous

which clean, moistened , warms inhaled air before it moves deeper into deeper into respiratory tract.

Smoking which causes cilia to block so that deposition of mucous occurs and bacteria starts to multiply here. This results in sinus infection.

Trachea consists of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with many globlet cells.

Globlet cells produce muscous to coat inner lining of trachea to that it easily deposit any debris , bacteria and pass away to lungs.

Smoking causes reduced lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing lung airways and excess mucous permanently damage to airsacs of lungs.

Bronchioles are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and alveoli by simple squamous epithelium.

Simple squamous is extremely thin only for diffusion or passage of O2 and CO2. Smoking effect bronchioles in the same manner as it develop mucous which blocks movement of cilia.

Alveoli effects by smoking as the walls of the alveoli breaks down and joins together forming large spaces than normal. This reduces efficiency of gaseous exchange so people suffering from emphysema and in this diseases carry less oxygen to the blood and find even problem during exercise.

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