Provide 1 paragraph summary of Gordon Allport, Raymond Cathells, Mc Crae, costa

Question

Provide 1 paragraph summary of Gordon Allport, Raymond Cathells, Mc Crae, costa and Eysenck.describe key terms and concepts from the theory. what are the benefits and downsides to the theory compared to Karen Horney..

Describe an Experiment

Create a simple case study describing my fictional character Dory with Mc Crae and costa. Based on the finding..It must include the following a hypotheis, sample population and Independent and dependant variables/ Based on the findings i also have to design an experment to examine the validy and reliabity with Mcrae and Costa..

Explanation / Answer

Gordon Allport

Gordon Allport extracted around 18,000 personality-describing words from the dictionary. And reduced this list to a 4500 words list of personality describing adjectives which can be considered to describe relatively permanent personality traits. Allport organized these traits into a hierarchy of three levels:

Raymond Cattell was based on Allport's work but Cattells theory proposed that all of our personalities are made up of the same traits; and people differ only in the degree to which each trait is expressed in one's personality. Cattell sampled a range of variables in order to capture a full understanding of personality. He then performed factor analysis using this data to generate sixteen dimensions of human personality traits, namely: abstractedness, liveliness , warmth, apprehension, rule consciousness , emotional stability, openness to change, perfectionism, privateness, intelligence , tension, social boldness, self-reliance, sensitivity, vigilance, and dominance.

Paul Costa and Robert McCrae

Many researchers conducted studies and were unable to validate Cattell’s 16 factors of personality. Instead they found support only for five factors. A lot of these researchers named these five factors and their definitions differently. But Paul Costa’s and Robert McCrae’s version is the most well-known five factor model. The factors given by them is called by an acronym - OCEAN - Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. These are also referred to as Big Five Personality Traits

Hans Eysenck's theory focused on temperament and he believed that personality differences are innate and based on genes. He viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: extroversion vs. introversion and neuroticism vs. stability. People who are high on the trait of extroversion are outgoing and quickly connect with others, and those who rate high on introversion engage more frequently in solitary behaviours, and need alone time to recharge themselves. People high on neuroticism tend to be anxious whereas people high on stability are considered more emotionally stable

While Karen's theory concentrates mainly on the concept of ‘Basic anxiety’ to understand personality, the other trait theories are much more vast compared to it and study personality on a number of factors. Allport's list of traist is infact criticized for being too broad, as is the Cattell’s 16PF theory. The major strength of Eysenck’s model is that it was the first theory that made the approach quantifiable and thus more empirically verifiable. But unlike Allport’s and Cattell’s models, however, Eysenck’s has been criticized for being too narrow on the personlity factors.

Experiment Question - unclear on the purpose of study and fictional character?

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