Think of 3 areas of lifespan development that interest you. Come up with a quest

Question

Think of 3 areas of lifespan development that interest you. Come up with a question that relates to each of these areas of interest. List which topic area (Physical Development Cognitive Development, Social &Personality; Development) and age range (Prenatal, Infancy, Preschool Middle Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood) each question addresses. Explain area of interest/question using 2 different theories Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic, Contextual, Evolutionary), Area of Interest: Childhood Aggression Question: certain young children more aggressive than others? Topic Area[s]: Cognitive, Social Personality Age Range: Preschool Explain using 2 theories: Behavioral Perspective-Some children might witness their parent's or siblings engaging in aggressive behaviors in response to daily frustrations. These children may then learn hat aggressive behavior is an acceptable means of getting what they want. Aggressive children may also be the victims of abuse. These children may learn that is acceptable to aggress against another person. Cognitive Perspective-Aggressive children may process and interpret social situations differently and therefore respond to social stimuli aggressively. For example, a child may interpret accidental behavior as being intentionally hostile and respond aggressively. Area of Interest: Question: Topic Area(s): Age Range: Explain using 2 theories: Area of Interest: Question: Topic Area(s): Age Range: Explain using 2 theories:

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

(1) Area of interest: Immature and dependent adult

Question: Why are certain adolescent are problematic, as immature, dependent and prone to neurotic?

Age range: Adolescence to adulthood

Topic: Personality

Psychodynamic perspective: Some adolescent are very problematic. And later they appear as an immature and dependent adult. Sigmund Ferud had earlier cautioned that too much parental love and affection awakens a disposition for neurotic disorders, spoils the child and make the individual a problematic adolescent.

Behavioral perspective: Strecker (1956) has pointed out that excessive mothering, that is, overprotective mothers turn their children into immature and dependent adults. Emotional expressions, that is how the person expresses emotion also affects the development of personality.

Sanctions, control over the overt expression of emotions is often necessary to avoid social disapproval. However repression of emotions like anger, fear, jealousy, and envy makes the individual gloomy and morbid which ultimately produces behavior like extreme laziness, lack of interest in people, Vacillation of mood etc.

(2) Area of interest: Hyperactivity

Question: Why some children age of six to eleven seems hyperactive?

Age range: six to eleven years

Topic: Physical development of personality

Genetic disorder: Such children are distractible, impulsive, irritable, moody, slow in learning and inattentive. Physically such children tend to move from one side to another, cannot inhibit action, and are constantly diverted by sounds and objects. They are chaotic in their behavior, and tend to forget what they are told to do, cannot do sequentially ordered tasks. The child may be annoying and unpopular amongst peers.

Acquired disorder: Children at this age show wide range of individual differences in the execution of motor skills and in their ability to master complex motor tasks. They also show intense interest in acquiring and improving these skills. As for disorders in regard to these aspects, they may have certain congenital or acquired deficits in motor skills and activities. Many may not be able to show coordination of gross and fine motor skills due to deficiency or abnormality in their physique. Sometimes injuries may lead to certain deformity which may prevent these children involving themselves in different required and essential activities.

Area of interest: Childhood fear

Question: Why are certain older children fearful than others?

Age range: Early school children

Behavioral perspective: Commonly in older children a gradual shift from typical fears to general fears has been observed. In Hurlock's words " among older children, fears are concentrated on fanciful, supernatural or remote dangers, on death and injury, and on characters recalled from stories, movies, comics. All fear stimuli tend to be sudden and unexpected. Overt fear responses are curbed by social pressure. Pressure may be from teachers or authoritative parents. Shyness, embarrassment, worry and anxiety are some fear related emotions.

Psychosocial theory of Erikson: Erikson believes that learning initiative versus guilt, this third psychosocial crisis occurs during what he calls "play age" or later preschool years. During it the child immobilized by guilt , he is (1) fearful (2) hangs on the fringes of groups (3) continues t o depend unduly on adults (4) and is restricted to both in the development of play skills and in imagination.

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