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Directions Please answer all questions in paragraph form in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper (or the back of the page). There is no specific formatting requirement and no minimum or maximum length other than that the answers be in paragraph form. However, it is important that all questions be answered as completely as possible. Please do not assume that as much about psych in understanding your answer, please provide it. the reader knows ology as you do. If there is information that would be helpful to the reader Explain the contributions and limitations of behaviorism and social learning theory to the scientific study of human development. 1)

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Behaviorism refers to a psychological approach which emphazies scientific & objective methods of investigations,, direct observation events- stimuli and responses-are the appropriate focus of study. Traditional behaviours use classical and operant conditioning to mold childrens behavior. as said when born the mind is ina blank state. The influential kind of social learning theory emphasizes modeling,also known as imitation or observational learning, as a powerful source of developement. The most recent theory places strong emphasis on coginition, There was a very little difference between the learning in humans & animals. There is no qualitative distinction between the behaviour of huma & animals & the researches were named as Comparative psychology.

Behaviorism & social learning theory have been placed helpful in treating a wide range of a problems. Behaviour modification consists of procedures that combine conditioning and modeling to remove undesirable behaviors & increase desirable responses. It has been used to remove a wide range of difficulties in children and adults,ranging from poor time management & unwanted habits to many serious problems , such as language delays, persistent aggression,and extreme fears.

Some theorists believe that behaviorism & social learning show a narrow view of important enviromental influences , which extend beyond immediate reinforcement ,punishment,and modeled behaviors to peoples rich physical &social worlds. Behaviorism and social learning theory have also been criticized for understanding peoples contributions for their own developement.

Behavioural strategies had an important contribution to the development of programs for children with special needs. Theories and research state that the behavioural task analysis, stimulusresponse approach is not an appropriate nor effective model for interactive teaching. The present problems in behavioural methods are because they emphasize the control of learning by the instructor, thus devaluing pupil initiation & its importance in an educational setting. Interactions between learners and teachers are more complex than those involved in behavioural instruction; Mainstream teaching strategies allow some students control over learning. This compares approaches to teachings derived from behavioural technology with those used by effective teachers and examines some of the implications for educational programs for children with special learning needs, for those who are effected withsevere multiple disabilities.

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