Directive QuestiIS Please eport, adhering to lab report guidelines and format Wh
ID: 3505785 • Letter: D
Question
Directive QuestiIS Please eport, adhering to lab report guidelines and format What is hypertension and how does it contribute to cardiovascular disease? What are some risk factors that cannot be controlled? What are some risk factors that can be controlled and what are some effective methods of controlling hypertension? 1. What is the Valsalva maneuver and how is it achieved? Why might performing the Valsalva maneuver be dangerous? 2. Describe the two major components to blood pressure. How do each of these components of blood pressure contribute to changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during exercise? 3. Did you see a change in blood pressure with postural changes? What changes in blood pressure would one expect to see as posture changes? Why do these changes occur? 4.Explanation / Answer
Ans 1)
Hypertension refers to long tern elevated levels of lood pressure in the arteries. The high blood pressure can result in lower levels of blood flow towards the heart. It can give rise to conditions like coronary heart diseases where the blood flow towards the heart is reduced or stopped. Thickening of the inner walls of the arteries due to fat deposition may result in arterial blockage commonly known as artherosclerosis. This can give rise to ishemic heart conditions often leading to myocardial infraction.
Hypertension can be a common scene in houses that have a heredity record for heart diseases. These are some of the factors one can't avoid. but with proper care one can definitely stay fit and healthy.
A regular checkup, active lifestyle, low sodium diet, regular exercise, low fat food, no or minimal smoking can control and keep a check on hypertension.
Ans 2)
Valsalva maneuver refers to the action of forceful exhalation of air through nostrils, glottis and mouth while they are closed. Thus trying to exhale air through a closed system. This is done by keeping the outways of the respiration system for exhalation, closed. The above technique is often used by heavy weight lifters to equalise the pressure in the ears. It is also used to diagonse a problem with the ANS (autonomic nervous system) and to restore normal heart rate.
Valsalva maneuver results in changes in blood pressure. This could be harmful for the body as it increases tremendous mechanical pressure on heart. Post the act, the venous flow rapidly increases, CO increases and there is a fall in the intra abdominal pressure levels. Thus this could be dangerous for heart.
Ans 3)
Two major components of the blood pressure are the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
Systolic pressure refers to the state when the ventricles are at relaxation state. while the diastolic pressure is the condition when the ventricles are contracting. The pressure is highest at this stage. Both the pressures are pressure in the arteries.
During exercise due to the vasodialation of the muscle in action, the systolic blood pressure rises with literally no change or fall in the Diastolic blood pressure. This happens in the conditions of aerobic exercises. The rise in the pressure should be around - mm of Hg during the exercise. (Systolic Blood pressure). The exercise due to increase stroke volume rises the pulse pressure. A minor fall may be observed in the diastolic BP but is neglible due to the process of vasodialation.
Ans 4)
Change in blood pressure is observed during postural changes. Often when compared to the supine position, the position in which blood pressure is measured; the upright postion sees a fall in the blood pressure.. The whole mechanism involves a complex array of regulation via the ANS (Autonomic Nervous system). The changes could also be compared while taking measures while lying down or while sitting. There is low pressure while lying down as the heart has to do less work due the same plane on which head lies. While standing the work increases as the blood is to be pumped against gravit towards the brain. The change is also attributed to hydrostatic influence. Thus with a number of mechanims woking. the change in the postural pressure can be attributed.
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