Chapter 20(2) (1) (Protected View) - Word abir abirkedir_ File Home Insert Draw

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Chapter 20(2) (1) (Protected View) - Word abir abirkedir_ File Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review View Tell me what you want to do PROTECTED VIEW Be carefu files from the Internet can contain viruses. Unless you need to edit, it's safer to stay in Protected View. Enable Editing Chapter 20-Study Guide Describe the cavities within which the heart lies, the pericardial sac, as well as general features of the heart. Make sure to know cardiac tamponade, pericarditis. Describe all chambers, wall layers, valves, major vessels entering and exiting, and blood flow on both the left side and right side Describe differences between the left chambers and right chambers. Know the major arteries and veins supplying blood or draining blood (pulm. veins, inf vena cava, etc.), and the left coronary artery and anterior interventricular branch of this artery Regarding cardiac muscle, explain the key histological features and action potential events. Name, contrast, and differentiate the 4 conductive tissues in the heart. What happens if the action potential is blocked? Describe what is happening during and after the 3 main ECG waves-P, QRS, and T Explain the events of the cardiac cycle, and correlate these to events in the electrocardiogram and to the heart sounds ·Explain the formula CARDIAC OUTPUT = STROKE VOLUME x HEART RATE. Know variables which would affect each of the above conditions. Understand the relationship among EDV, ESV, SV, and ejection fraction, as well as their definitions. .By what mechanisms are stroke volume regulated? Heart rate? Page 1 of 1 199 words + 100% :46 AM O Type here to search 917/2018

Explanation / Answer

The pericardium is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. The pericardial sac has two layers, a serous layer and a fibrous layer. It encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid.

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood bessels of the circulatory system.Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients well as assists in the removal of metabolic wastes. In humans, the heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest.

Cardiac tamponade is a serious medical condition in which blood or fluids fill the space between the sac that encases the heart and the heart muscle. This places extreme pressure on your heart. The pressure prevents the heart's ventricles from expanding fully and keeps your heart from functioning properly. Your heart can’t pump enough blood to the rest of your body when this happens. This can lead to organ failure, shock, and even death.

Pericarditis is swelling and irritation of the pericardium, the thin saclike membrane surrounding your heart. Pericarditis often causes chest pain and sometimes other symptoms. The sharp chest pain associated with pericarditis occurs when the irritated layers of the pericardium rub against each other.

2.the heart is divided into four chambers. The right and left auriclr and the right and left ventricles. Left heart consisting of left auricle and ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circulation and right heart consisting of rightauricle and ventricle pumps blood into pulmonary circulation.

The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium.

Blood flow in heart is regulated by valves.

Two main valves are mitral and tricuspid between left atrium and ventricle and between right atrium and ventricle respectively. Other valves like semilunar valves ,aortic valves regulate blood entry from vessels.

6.The four conductive tissues of heart are similar atrial node(SA) strip ventricle node(AV) , bundle of his and Purkinje fibres. SA node generate the signal known as pace maker, AVnode transfers the pulse from right atrium where SA node is, to the interventricular space and then through bundle of his it goes to ventricular spaces through Purkinje fibres.The conducting system of the heart consists of cardiac muscle cells and conducting fibers (not nervous tissue) that are specialized for initiating impulses and conducting them rapidly through the heart (see the image below). They initiate the normal cardiac cycle and coordinate the contractions of cardiac chambers. Both atria contract together, as do the ventricles, but atrial contraction occurs first.

The conducting system provides the heart its automatic rhythmic beat. For the heart to pump efficiently and the systemic and pulmonary circulations to operate in synchrony, the events in the cardiac cycle must be coordinated.

4.Five great vessels enter and leave the heart: the superior and inferior vena cava, the pulmonary artery, thepulmonary vein, and the aorta. Thesuperior vena cava and inferior vena cava are veins that return deoxygenated blood from circulation in the body and empty it into the right atrium.

3.The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the rightventricle. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. Theleft atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the leftventricle.

4.The left coronary artery is an artery that arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart. It is also known as the left main coronary artery and the left main stem coronary artery. It is one of the coronary arteries.

Left interventricular artery is a branch of left coronary artery. Occlusion of this makes widow-maker infarction.

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