EXERCISE 22 REVIEW SHEET Name Lab Section Date Anatomy of Blood Vessels 1. Descr

Question

EXERCISE 22 REVIEW SHEET Name Lab Section Date Anatomy of Blood Vessels 1. Describe the main structural difference between elastic and muscular arteries. What is the functional significance of this difference 2. Describe and compare the two main circulatory pathways: the pulmonary circulation and the systemic ci 3. Compare and contrast the structure and function of the three malin types of capillaries by completing the following table. Functional Significance of Capillary Structare Capllary lype Structure of Capillary Wall Fenestrated Sinusoid 413 EXERCISE 22 Ananomy of Blood Vesses

Explanation / Answer

1. In the elastic artery, elastin forms most of the wall of the tunica media. In the muscular artery, the tunica media is composed mainly of smooth muscle. Muscular arteries deliver blood to specific body organs. They have relatively more smooth muscle and less elastin than elastic arteries in the tunica media.

2. Pulmonary circulation refers to the circulation of blood in which deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood is returned to back to the heart. Pulmonary circulation only occurs between the heart and the lungs.

Systemic circulation refers to the circulation of blood in which oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood is returned back to the heart. Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the entire body.

3. Continuous capillary –

a)    Structure – Clefts are present only in between adjacent endothelial cells.

b)    Function – They are a constituent of the blood-brain barrier.

Fenestrated capillary –

c)    Structure – They have intercellular clefts. Also, fenestrations (pores) exist in plasma membranes of endothelial cells.

d)    Function – They allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse.

Sinusoid –

e)    Structure – They have large intercellular clefts and cellular fenestrations, additionally the basement membrane is incomplete or absent.

f)     Function – They facilitate increased permeability.

4. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs whereas the bronchial arteries supply the lungs with nutrition and oxygenated blood.

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