based on the information answer a,b,c in only few sentences Mr. M, a 65 year old
ID: 3512044 • Letter: B
Question
based on the information answer a,b,c in only few sentences
Mr. M, a 65 year old male, has been diagnosed with a variety of medical problems over the past 5 years. In addition to being diagnosed with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), Mr. M has been treated for non-insulin dependent diabetes and coronary artery disease. Unfortunately, Mr. M had a myocardial infarction in the previous year. As a consequence of his myocardial infarction, Mr. M has suered from myocardial ischemic injury. Ischemia occurs when the blood supply to a tissue does not meet its metabolic demands. As a result, ischemia has three principle biochemical components: (1) Hypoxia (low O2), (2) Insuciency of metabolic substrates, and (3) Accumulation of metabolic waste. Like any injury, ischemic injury results in the formation of scar tissue. However, the presence of scar tissue in the heart has greater consequence. The scar tissue prevents cardiomycoytes from carrying out their function. The result is that the heart enlarges (cardiac hypertrophy). This enlargement of the heart ultimately leads to congestive heart failure.
A)In the past, Mr. M has been treated for non-insulin dependent diabetes. Based on this piece of information, predict the insulin sensitivity of Mr. M’s tissue.
B): Why is ischemia a greater insult to the cells and tissues than hypoxia alone?
C) Why is coronary artery disease is a risk factor for cardiac ischemic injury
Explanation / Answer
A). Low insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) - Mr. M has Type 2 Diabetes (NIDDM) which is characterized by Insulin resistance. The body may be abe to produce normal ammount of insulin but due to insulin resistance the hyperglycemia persist.
B). Ischemia is Decrease blood supply to a tissue. It is more dangerous than hypoxia as it can cause - Hypoxia, Decreased supply of nutrients, and accumulation of toxic waste product.
Hypoxia is decreased oxygen to tissue. It doesn't cause decreased nutrients supply and accumulation of toxic waste.
C). Coronary Artery disease - in this condition there is decreased blood flow to the myocardium because of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is deposition of lupid/fat plaques in blood vessel. When it affect coronary artery then it decreases lumen of blood vessel which leads to hypoxia. Over a period of time the lumen may be complete obstructed thus causing ischemia and MI.
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