Explain how each of the following parts of the nephron and its blood supply are

Question

Explain how each of the following parts of the nephron and its blood supply are structurally adapted to performing its function (s).

a. Glomerulus   

b. Proximal tubule

c. Nephron loop

d. Vasa recta

Options:   1. Pores (fenestrations) increase permeability 2. Cells contain microvilli, which increase surface area for absorption. 3. Descending limb is impermeable to salt and ascending limb is impermeable to water; allows nephron to set up an interstitial concentration gradient. 4. Freely permeable to both sodium and water; supplies blood to cells of nephron loop without interfering with interstitial concentration gradient.

Explanation / Answer

A-1

B-2

C-3

D-4

Glomerulus filters blood. PCT maximises reabsorption of all the important substances.

Now fluid moves into tubule... Here in descending limb only water is reabsorbed and ascending limb ions are reabsorbed. Then the fluid passes into collecting tubule.

Around the loop there is vasa recta which helps in counter current mechanism.

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