ab 1-Endocrine Glands does it effeet le motettur lides - Be able to identify the

Question

ab 1-Endocrine Glands does it effeet le motettur lides - Be able to identify the histology slides of the tissues examined in lab -Thyroid - Follicles - Parathyroid - Oxyphil/Chief Cells Pancreas- Acinar/Islet Cells -Adrenal Zona Glomerulosa/Zona Faciculata/Zona Reticularis - Thymus - Corpuscle - Pineal - Pineal Sands - Testes -Seminiferous Tubules Ovaries - Graafian Follicles -Pituitary - Adeno/Neurohypophysis mones - Be able to list hormones of glands and their functions/site of action Thyroid - Thyroid Hormone/Calcitonin Parathyroid - Parathyroid Hormone - Pancreas - Glucagon/Insulin/Somatostatin - Adrenal

Explanation / Answer

* Thyroid -- Follicles -- These are also called thyroid epithelial cells or thyrocytes. These cells are responsible for the production and secretion of thyroid hormones thyroxine [ T4] and triiodothyronine [ T3 ]. Thyroid hormones control the metabolic functions of the body.

* Parathyroid -- Oxyphils/ Chief cells

Oxiphils appear as a cluster of lightly stained cells when viewed under a microscope. Oxiphils appear at the onset of puberty but have no known functions.

Chief cells are the predominant cells in the parathyroid. They have a round nucleus and scarce cytoplasm. They produce and secrete PTH in response to low calcium levels in the blood. Increased PTH causes the bones to release their calcium into the blood.

* Pancreas-- Acinar/ Islet cells

The acinar cells of the pancreas are the exocrine functional units of the pancreas. They produce and secrete pancreatic juice which contains the digestive enzymes which are secreted into the duodenum.

Islet cells make the Islets of Langerhans. The islet cells are of several types-- beta cells, that produce the hormone insulin which is responsible for controlling the blood sugar level. Alpha cells produce glucagon, delta cells produce the hormone somatostatin, epsilon cells which produce ghrelin, a hormone responsible for the sensation of hunger.

* Adrenal-- Zona Glomerulosa / Zona Fasciculata / Zona Reticularis

Zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex and is the main site for production of mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone.

Zona fasciculata is the second layer of the adrenal cortex. It produces glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol, which regulates the metabolism of glucose, especially in times of stress. It is stimulated by the hormone ACTH.

Zona reticularis is the innermost cortical layer. It produces androgens, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone [ DHEA ] and androstenedione which is the precursor to the male hormone testosterone in humans.

* Thymus - Corpuscle

Thymic corpuscles also called Hassall's corpuscles are found in the medulla of the human thymus. They are spherical or ovoid in shape and contain keratohyalin and bundles of cytoplasmic fibres. The exact function of thymic corpuscles is unclear. However, they are known to be a potent source of cytokine TSLP.

* Pineal -- Pineal Sands

Pineal produces the hormone melatonin which has several functions in the central nervous system, the most important being to modulate sleep patterns. Melanin production is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light.

* Testes- Seminiferous Tubules

Seminiferous tubules are found in the testes. They are lined by Sertoli cells which undergo meiosis and differentiation to produce sperms. The function of seminiferous tubules is to produce, store and maintain sperms.

* Ovaries -- Graafian follicles

Graafian follicle provides for the maturation and release of a fertilizable oocyte and it also forms the corpus luteum which releases the hormone progesterone which is essential for sustaining a pregnancy.

* Pitiutary -- Adeno/ Neurohypophysis

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