17) The cells in the CNS that have cilia to circulate cerebrospinal fuid are A)

Question

17) The cells in the CNS that have cilia to circulate cerebrospinal fuid are A) satellite cells B) Schwann cells C) oligodendrocytes D) astrocytes ependymal cells 18) Which of the following is TRUE regarding a graded notential A) it travels long distances B) it can either generate an EPSP or an IPSIP c) it is initiated by voltage changes in the membrane D) it has a depolarization, repolarization and hyperpolarization phase E) it is propagated along the axon process of the neuron 19) Nocicepters respond to what type of stimulus? A) Vibrations Sound C) Touch D) Temperature E) Pain 20) Which of the following is NOT a chemical class of neurotransmitters? A) amino acids B) biogenic amines E) neuropeptides C) ATP and other purines D) nucleic acids 21) Neurons generally repolarize once the membrane potential reaches approximately +30 mV because A) ligand-gated potassium channels open ) voltage-gated potassium channels ligand-gated sodium channels open D) voltage-gated calcium channels open E) voltage-gated chlorine channels open open For 22-23 use the figure shown below to match the regions of the chemical synapse 22) Stores neurotransmitter 23) Ligand-gated ion channe

Explanation / Answer

17. Option E. Ependymal cells

Satellite cells surround the sensory cell bodies. Schwann cells are form the myelin sheath around one axon. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for formation of myeliln sheath around axons. Astrocytes helps in holding the neurons in place. Ependymal cells form the cerebrospinal fluid, hence, the correct answer is option E

18. Option B. It can either generate an IPSP or EPSP

Graded potential travel short distances, and initiated by summation of ligand gated ion channels but not voltage gated channels. They involve hyperpolarization (IPSPs) and depolarization (EPSPs) and occur at the postsynaptic dendrite as a result of presynaptic neurons. Hence, the correct answer is it can generate Inhibitory Post synaptic potential or Excitatory Post synaptic potential.

19. Option E. pain

Vibrations are detected by meissner and pacinian corpuscles

Sound and Touch stimulus are detected by mechanoreceptors

Temperature stimulus is detected by thermoreceptor

Pain is detected by nociceptors which have faster action potential conduction due to presence of myelinated axon. Gradual pain is detected by unmyelinated axon

20. Option D. Nucleic acids

Amino acid type of neurotransmitters are Glutamate, aspartate, Gamma Amino butyric acid, Glycine; biogenic amines are catecholamines, serotonin, histamine, ATP and other purines, neuropeptides all of which act as neurotransmitters and comes under the classification of neurotransmitters. But nucleic acids are not neurotransmitters.

21. Option B. Voltage gated potassium channels open up

Depolarization: Voltage gated sodium channels open

Repolarization: Voltage gated potassium channels open while sodium channels are inactivated

Hyperpolarization: Some potassium channels open while sodium channels are reset.

22. Stores Neurotransmitter- Synaptic vesicle (C in the labelled diagram)

23. Ligand gated ion channel- B in the labelled diagram. It is the receptor for Neurotransmitter

Other parts in the diagram are:

A- Neurotransmitter

D-Voltage gated calcium channel

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