Section 3: Distinguishing valid and invalid arguments in English and in symbols

Question

Section 3: Distinguishing valid and invalid arguments in English and in symbols (3 points each, 36 total, plus extra credit at end) On the last exam students were to demonstrate their knowledge of particular deductive fallacies, and in this chapter students were to begin recognizing valid argument forms. For this last section of the exam, say whether the English or symbolized argument is valid or invalid by writing the correct label on your answer sheet. You do not have to write down specific names of fallacies or valid forms. And with this, we will have studied good and bad inductive and deductive argument patterns, and also rhetoric as used for manipulation. Mastery of these makes one a skilled critical thinker. Thanks for a great course. Valid or Invalid?

1. If Algernon crashes his drone, he will be embarrassed. Algernon crashes his drone. He will be embarrassed.

2. If Algernon crashes his drone, he will be embarrassed. Algernon will be embarrassed. He crashes his drone.

3. When Algernon flew his drone too close to the basketball goal, Hortense said “bank it!” When Hortense said, “bank it!”, Algernon knew to fly his drone through the basketball net. When Algernon flew his drone too close to the basketball goal, he knew to fly it through the basketball net.

4. When Algernon flew his drone too close to the basketball goal, Hortense said “everyone duck!” When Algernon flew his drone too close to the basketball goal, he knew to fly it through the net. When Hortense said, “everyone duck!” Algernon knew to fly his drone through the basketball net.

5. Either Algernon crashes his drone or he pays attention. He does not pay attention. Algernon crashes his drone.

Explanation / Answer

1. This argument is: Valid.

2. This argument is: Invalid.

3. This argument is: Invalid.

4. This argument is: Valid.

5. This argument is: Invalid.

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