Hello, Please, Need help. Thank You 1. What piece or element of the network infr

Question

Hello,

Please, Need help.

Thank You

1. What piece or element of the network infrastructure hardware specifically uses information in the IP (Internet Protocol) datagram to allow it to do its job?

2. An IP address is a 32 bit number that represents a network connection. How is it segmented up in the dotted decimal notation?

3. Give an example of a Class C address. Indicate it in both its computer readable and human readable forms. That would be Dotted Decimal Notation and Binary.

4. In a class C address there are how many possible network ID

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1.) Routers use information in the IP address to route the packets from the source to the destination host.

Ans 2.) The 32 bit IP address is represented in the form of 4 octets,i.e.,4 8-bit numbers separated by dots.

These binary numbers are then converted to their decimal equivalent resulting in the dotted decimal notation.

Example:-

000110010100100000000000000000001 is rewritten as:-

00011001.01001000.00000000.00000001

which gets converted to:-

25.96.0.1

Ans 3.) Example of a class C address in dotted decimal notation:-

200.168.212.226

Same address in binary notation:-

11001000.10101000.11010100.11100010

Ans 4.) Class C addresses have a 24 bit network id, thus can support a maximum of 2^24 networks.

They have an 8 bit host id,thus can support a mximum of 2^8 hosts=256 hosts.

Ans 5.) TCP is responsible for identifying port addresses,i.e.,addresses of the applications running on the destination host. So once IP delivers the packet to the destination host,TCP is responsible for delivering the packet to the appropriate application on the destination host through the port number.

TCP also provides an error correction mechanism as well as ensures that all packets reach correctly at the host.

Ans 6.) The three way handshaking scheme is the construct in TCP is used for applications to establish reliable communications connections with each other over a network.

Ans 7.) HTTP, SMTP, Telnet are three applications that use the said construct.

Ans 8.) TCP provides a flow control mechanism which UDP does not provide. This is a mechanism to prevent the destination from being flooded by incoming packets.

TCP will retransmit a packet if it is lost or incorrectly received at the destination. UDP does not retransmit packets.

TCP provides a congestion control mechanism,i.e.,it will determine whether the network is congested before transmission.This is not provided by UDP.

Ans 9.) Domain Name System(DNS) and interactive real time audio/video applications use UDP rather than TCP.

Ans 10.) Address Resolution Protocol(ARP) is used to determine the MAC address of a network connection if the IP address is known.This is a protocol frequently used in the network layer if the MAC address is not known. The IP address is broadcasted over the network and the machine with that IP address returns its corresponding MAC address.

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