Your company has a number of interconnectedlocal area networks within a single b

Question

Your company has a number of interconnectedlocal area networks within a single building. Alsoin the building is a router that connects the LANsto an Internet service provider using a couple of T-1telephone lines. Your company is consideringreplacing the T-1s with a connection to a metro-politan area network. Show the interconnection of theLANs, the MAN,and theInternet, assuming theMAN is SONET based. Would the interconnectionbe different if the MAN were Ethernet based?Explain.

Write at least a two page paper in current APA format that provides the steps required to make the transition, new equipment that needs to be installed, and includes two different network diagram that show the interconnection between the LAN and MAN; one diagram should be for a SONET based network and the other for a Ethernet based network.

Explanation / Answer

import java.applet.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import javax.sound.sampled.*;
/**
* <i>Standard audio</i>. This category provides a basic capability for
* making, reading, and saving audio.
* <p>
* The audio format uses a rate of forty four,100 (CD quality audio), 16-bit, monaural.
*
* <p>
* for added documentation, see <a href="http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/15inout">Section one.5</a> of
* <i>Introduction to Programming in Java: AN knowledge base Approach</i> by Henry M. Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
*/
public final category StdAudio {
/**
* The sample rate - forty four,100 cycles/second for CD quality audio.
*/
public static final int SAMPLE_RATE = 44100;
personal static final int BYTES_PER_SAMPLE = 2; // 16-bit audio
personal static final int BITS_PER_SAMPLE = 16; // 16-bit audio
personal static final double MAX_16_BIT = Short.MAX_VALUE; // thirty two,767
personal static final int SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;

personal static SourceDataLine line; // to play the sound
personal static byte[] buffer; // our internal buffer
personal static int bufferSize = 0; // variety of samples presently in internal buffer
// don't instantiate
personal StdAudio()

// static initializer
static
// open up AN audio stream
personal static void init() very little Endian
AudioFormat format = new AudioFormat(SAMPLE_RATE, BITS_PER_SAMPLE, 1, true, false);
DataLine.Info data = new DataLine.Info(SourceDataLine.class, format);
line = (SourceDataLine) AudioSystem.getLine(info);
line.open(format, SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE * BYTES_PER_SAMPLE);
// the inner buffer could be a fraction of the particular buffer size, this alternative is bigoted
// it gets divided as a result of we will not expect the buffered knowledge to line up specifically with once
// the sound card decides to push its samples.
buffer = new byte[SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE * BYTES_PER_SAMPLE/3];
} catch (Exception e)
// no sound gets created before this decision
line.start();
}

/**
* shut commonplace audio.
*/
public static void close()
/**
* Write one sample (between -1.0 and +1.0) to plain audio. If the sample
* is outside the vary, it'll be clipped.
*/
public static void play(double in) very little Endian
// send to sound card if buffer is full
if (bufferSize >= buffer.length)
}
/**
* Write AN array of samples (between -1.0 and +1.0) to plain audio. If a sample
* is outside the vary, it'll be clipped.
*/
public static void play(double[] input)
}
/**
* scan audio samples from a file (in .wav or .au format) and come them as a double array
* with values between -1.0 and +1.0.
*/
public static double[] read(String filename) {
byte[] knowledge = readByte(filename);
int N = knowledge.length;
double[] d = new double[N/2];
for (int i = 0; i < N/2; i++)
return d;
}

/**
* Play a sound file (in .wav, .mid, or .au format) during a background thread.
*/
public static void play(String filename) computer address computer address = null;
try {
File file = new File(filename);
if (file.canRead()) computer address = file.toURI().toURL();
}
catch (MalformedURLException e)
// computer address computer address = StdAudio.class.getResource(filename);
if (url == null) throw new RuntimeException("audio " + computer file name + " not found");
AudioClip clip = application.newAudioClip(url);
clip.play();
}
/**
* Loop a sound file (in .wav, .mid, or .au format) during a background thread.
*/
public static void loop(String filename) computer address computer address = null;
try {
File file = new File(filename);
if (file.canRead()) computer address = file.toURI().toURL();
}
catch (MalformedURLException e)
// computer address computer address = StdAudio.class.getResource(filename);
if (url == null) throw new RuntimeException("audio " + computer file name + " not found");
AudioClip clip = application.newAudioClip(url);
clip.loop();
}

// come knowledge as a computer memory unit array
personal static byte[] readByte(String filename) {
byte[] knowledge = null;
AudioInputStream ais = null;
try attempt to scan from file
File file = new File(filename);
if (file.exists()) {
ais = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(file);
knowledge = new byte[ais.available()];
ais.read(data);
}
// try and scan from computer address
else computer address computer address = StdAudio.class.getResource(filename);
ais = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(url);
knowledge = new byte[ais.available()];
ais.read(data);
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
throw new RuntimeException("Could not scan " + filename);
}
come data;
}

/**
* Save the double array as a sound file (using .wav or .au format).
*/
public static void save(String computer file name, double[] input) {
// assumes forty four,100 samples per second
// use 16-bit audio, mono, signed PCM, very little Endian
AudioFormat format = new AudioFormat(SAMPLE_RATE, 16, 1, true, false);
byte[] knowledge = new byte[2 * input.length];
for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) temporary worker = (short) (input[i] * MAX_16_BIT);
data[2*i + 0] = (byte) temp;
data[2*i + 1] = (byte) (temp >> 8);
}
// currently save the file
try {
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
AudioInputStream ais = new AudioInputStream(bais, format, input.length);
if (filename.endsWith(".wav") || computer file name.endsWith(".WAV"))
else if (filename.endsWith(".au") || computer file name.endsWith(".AU"))
else
}

/* *********************************************************************
* sample take a look at consumer
***********************************************************************/
// produce a note (sine wave) of the given frequency (Hz), for the given
// period (seconds) scaled to the given volume (amplitude)
personal static double[] note(double cycles/second, double period, double amplitude) maths.sin(2 * scientific discipline.PI * i * cycles/second / StdAudio.SAMPLE_RATE);
return a;
}
/**
* take a look at consumer - play AN a serious scale to plain audio.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 440 cycles/second for one sec
double freq = 440.0;
for (int i = 0; i <= StdAudio.SAMPLE_RATE; i++)
// scale increments
int[] steps = zero, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12 };
for (int i = 0; i < steps.length; i++) {
double cycles/second = 440.0 * Math.pow(2, steps[i] / twelve.0);
StdAudio.play(note(hz, 1.0, 0.5));
}

// have to be compelled to decision this in non-interactive stuff therefore the program does not terminate
// till all the sound leaves the speaker.
StdAudio.close();
// have to be compelled to terminate a Java program with sound
System.exit(0);
}
}

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