7. What general categories of functions are specified by computer instruction? 8

Question

7. What general categories of functions are specified by computer instruction?
8. In a computer, what is a bus, and what does it connect?
9. What is the maximum directly addressable memory capacity in bytes, if the address bus is 16-
bit? Assume each memory location is one byte.
10. Consider a hypothetical 32-bit microprocessor having 32-bit instructions composed of two
fields, the first byte contains the opcode and the remainder is the operand address.
a. What is the maximum directly addressable memory capacity in bytes? Assume each
memory location is one byte.
b. How many bits are needed for the program counter and the instruction register?
11. Briefly define the following states of an instruction execution as shown in Figure 3.6.
a. Instruction address calculation
b. Instruction fetch
c. Instruction operation decoding
d. Operand address calculation
e. Operand fetch
f. Data operation
g. Operand store

Explanation / Answer

7-Basic general categories of functions specified by computer instructions are-

Processor Memory- It is basically defined as a room to manipulate data and run different programs.Basically, computers which have large size of RAM work more effective and efficiently.

Processor I/O – It is basically designed to handle input/output processes for a computer Also it is capable of performing actions without intervention or interruption from the CPU.

Data Processing - It basically involve conversion of raw data to machine-readable form,it also responsible for transformation of output. And also for flow of data to output devices from the CPU and memory .

Control- It basically involve in controls of the flow of data between the Peripherals, Memory unit and CPU.It is also responsible for entire operation of a computer like necessary timing and control signals.

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