Answer/define the following. 1. Discuss the difference between point and period

Question

Answer/define the following. 1. Discuss the difference between point and period prevalence and provide an example using the formula given in the chapter. 2. Cause-specific rate - Define this rate, provide the formula with an example and explain the association of mortality with a specific cause. 3. Age specific rate - Define and provide the required formula with an example 4. Adjusted rate Define adjusted rate, provide the formula required for this type of calculation. Describe the two methods for the adjustment of these rates 5. Specific rates -define specific rates and provide the formula with an example. 6. Neonatal mortality rate 7. Infant mortality rate 8. Maternal mortality rate 9. Perinatal mortality rate 10. Fetal death rate and late fetal death rate

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

1. Discuss the difference between point and period prevalance and provide an example using the formula given in the chapter:

Answer: "Point" is defined as the number of times an incidence occurs & "period prevalance" is defined as how long (in terms of duration) that incident prolongs.

The "Prevalance" of a disease is directly proportional to the "Point" of a disease.

Example: In case of any outbreak of epidemic and lets assume it take 1 week for curing, then the probability of number of incident to be reported will be more & due to the same the period of prevalance will be gradually increasing.

2. Cause specific rate- Define the rate, provide the formula with an example and explain the association of mortality with a specific cause

Answer: Cause Specific rate is defined as the ratio of number of incident occured as a result of a specific cause.

It is given by the formula , Cause Specific rate = Mortality (Cause) / No: of population @ mid size *100000

Example: In case of outbreak of epidemic in a city, cause specific rate is calculated as, the number of persons died due to epidemic disease (say2000) / Total number of population of the city(say 50000) *100000 i.e., 4000 people for every one lac people.

3. Age specific rate - Define and provide the required formula with an example

Answer: Age Specific rate is defined as the ratio of number of incident occured as a result of a specific cause in a particular age group.

It is given by the formula , Age Specific rate = Mortality in particular age group (Cause ) / No: of population @ mid size *100000

Example: In case of outbreak of epidemic in a city, Age specific rate is calculated as, the number of persons died due to epidemic disease in a particular age group of 25-35 old (say1000 out of 2000 mortality) / Total number of population of the city(say 50000) *100000 i.e., 2000 people for every one lac people.

4. Adjusted rate - Define adjusted rate, provide the formula required for this type of calculation. Describe two methods for the adjustment of these rates.

Answer: Adjusted rate are summary to measure the rate of mortality in a population in which statistical procedures are applied.

Formula: It is dervied by dividing the total death to the total number of population * 100000.

The two methods for adjustment of these rates are i) Direct Method & ii) In-direct Method.

Direct method can be applied if age-specific death rate in a population is known.

Thanks.

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