1) Compare and contrast Murphy’s definition of leadership with that provided by
ID: 429622 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Compare and contrast Murphy’s definition of leadership with that provided by Bass.(2) What are the distinguishing features of leadership as seen by Hollander and Julian (1969)?. (3) A second dimension of the leader-follower relationship is explored by Dirks (2001). According to Dirks, “trust” plays an important role, influencing the level of team importance. What is trust (distrust)? (4) Scandura (1999) employs LMX Theory in her exploration of the concept, “organizational justice.” What is meant by organizational justice? How and why is this an important part of the leader-follower relationship?
Explanation / Answer
According to Murphy, leadership is not a psychological phenomenon, it is sociological in nature.Murphy believes that it is the function of a situation as a whole not just a trait that resides withina person. He feels that leadership is a function of the interaction between the person and thesituation, the situation being the followers and the context or task confronting them.
According to Bass, leadership consists of a leader and a follower not just a follower. Hebelieves there are many definitions to leadership that all consist of influencing the people in agroup context. Our text goes over how Bass reviews leadership and its role as “the focus ofgroup process, as a personality attribute, as the art of inducing compliance, as an exercise ofinfluence, as a particular kind of act, as a form of persuasion, as a power relation, as aninstrument in the attainment of goals, as an effect of interaction, as a differentiated role.
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The leadership is viewed in a different manner by Hollander and Julian. They see leadership as“social influence process” that constitutes an influence relationship between two or more personswho depends upon one another for the attainment of certain mutual goals. They also believe thatsocial exchange is an important and is a distinguished feature of effective leadership and thatthere is an exchange relationship between leaders and followers. Additionally, giving somethingto the followers and getting something from the follower is an important characteristic ofeffective leaders. This type of social exchange or transactional approach of leadership enablesthe leader to trade the benefits between him and the followers. They suggest that leadership is a relationship whose legitimacy and strength of psychological tie is built over time .
Unlike the other theories, this theory suggests that the effectiveness of leadership is not merelydepends upon the individual efforts of the leader, but the involvement of group members andfollowers is also very important.The leadership can be defined as a reciprocal process of mutualinfluence between group member and their respective leaders.
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Dirks has revealed the importance of trust in leadership. He believes that trust is an importantphenomena in the context of leadership and is a crucial element of consideration dimension ofeffective leader behavior. The trust of leader on follower and the trust of the followers on theDirks defines trust, as “an exception or belief that the team can rely on the leader’s action orwords and that the leader has good intentions toward the team”. Dirks discusses how trust hasbeen identified as an important part of numerous leadership theories. Moreover, trust of thefollowers in their leader is also linked with positive attitude, organizational relationships,organizational justice and conflict management. Trust acts as a measure of relationships betweenleader and followers. The second dimension in which Dirks emphasized is cognitive which formsof trust that reflects various traits such as reliability, integrity, honesty, fairness, etc.
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Organizational justice refers to employees’ perceptions of fairness in the workplace. Justice dealswith how two or more people relate to one another in exchange situations. Exchange processescan be either economic or socio-emotional, and because of the exchange processes integral toleader-member relationships it is important to consider subordinates’ perceptions of justice andtheir relationship with the quality of LMX and important work-related outcomes.
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