Q1 (a) Explain the difference in the definition of quality between the goal post
ID: 433036 • Letter: Q
Question
Q1 (a) Explain the difference in the definition of quality between the goal post view of quality and the continuous improvement definition of quality.
(4 marks)
(b) Explain the difference between common and special causes of process variation.
(2 marks)
(c) Discuss the significance of quality management to an organization. Support your answer by giving Five (5) reasons.
(10 marks)
(d) Differentiate between Certification and Accreditation under ISO 9001.
(4 marks)
Q2(a) Outline the limits of copyright protection. Support your answer by giving Five (5) limits.
(10 marks)
(b) Explain the difference between trademark and geographical indication.
(5 marks)
(c) Explain why some companies prefer to obtain ISO 9001 certification.
(5 marks)
(d) Differentiate between Industrial Design (ID) and Pattern in the context of its scope of coverage, registration, limits of protection and uniqueness.
(10 marks)
Explanation / Answer
Answers:
1b) common & special causes of variance:
Common cause variation is defined as a fluctuation which is caused by some unknown factors which results in a steady & random output distribution around the data average. It is a measure on how well a process can perform when special causes variation has been removed.
A special cause of variance on the other hand refers to the unexpected glitch that has an impact on the process. This was introduced by Edwards’s Deming & is also referred as “assignable cause”. It is not part of the normal process & is out of blue.
1c) reasons of quality management:
Following are the reasons:
1d) accreditation & certification:
Certification is defined as a written assurance by a third party regarding the conformity on a product. Accreditation is defined as a formal recognition by an authoritative body regarding the competence to work on specific standards.
Accreditation standards generally include quality management principles such as those found in ISO 9001 QMS standard. It demonstrates technical competence that puts accreditation certification above non accredited standard. In effect, certification is considered to be a third party endorsement on an organization’s products or systems or services.
2a) limits of copyright protection:
One of the limitations of copyright protection is the duration. Because it doesn’t extend indefinitely. The rule under section 6 of copyright act is that copyright usually extends for life of the author plus fifty years. After the expiry of the term, the works enter the public domain & can be used freely.
b) Differences between geographical indication & trademark:
a geographical indication identifies goods as those originating in a specific place or region in a country & therefore the name GI refers to a particular area. A trademark on the other hand refers to a visible sign that differentiates one trader’s product from those of other trader’s. the sign usually includes name, signatures, colors, letters, numbers, shapes or packaging or one or more combination of these.
c) Companies prefer to obtain ISO certification:
d) Industrial design & pattern:
it is the process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production. It involves creative act of defining a products form & features before the act of making the product. It is a form of intellectual property right. They protect the visual design of objects. It involves creation of shape, configuration, and composition of color or pattern.
A pattern on the other hand refers to a something that is designed or used as a model for making things. It is an artistic, musical, literary or other mechanical design or form. It is also defined as a set of shapes or pattern that helps in making something.
1a) continuous improvement is defined as an ongoing effort to improve the products, services or processes. It helps in seeking incremental improvement overtime or improvement breakthrough all at once. It helps in improvement on existing processes. It helps in optimization & meeting new quotas or quality standards.
The goal post view quality is like a v. the distance away something is from the target the more the cost, convenience & resulting of dissatisfaction. That is why a major key in improving the customer satisfaction is reducing the variation in process so that everything comes close to the target as far as possible.
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